Neonates Flashcards
What defines ‘neonate’?
First 28 days of life
Why is jaundice in a neonate <24hrs old more worrying than if >24hrs?
<24hrs = more likely to be a pathological cause as opposed to physiological
Physiological jaundice is common and not to be too worried about
If a baby appears jaundiced what should be done?
If these levels are appeared to be high, what management can be considered?
Bilirubin levels measured
Phototherapy
What are the 4 NICE risk factors for jaundice?
Jaundice <24hrs
Sibling having jaundice that required phototherapy
Preterm
Mother intention to exclusively breastfeed
What is the scoring system that is used to assess neonates?
Explain it
APGAR score
Appearance (skin colour) Pulse Grimace (reflex irritability) Activity (muscle tone) Respiration
What is the normal pulse, resp rate and temp of a neonate?
Pulse - 120-140/min
Resp rate - 40-60/min
Temp - 36.5-37.4
What is more common in a neonate: hypothermia or hyperthermia?
Hypothermia - must ensure baby is adequately covered
What is bilious vomit a sign of?
Any abnormality in the GI tract
What can be done to manage hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (brain damage due to lack of oxygen/blood to the brain)?
Therapeutic cooling - baby cooled for 72hrs
for every baby with HIE 1 in 8 will be prevented from having cerebral palsy
What causes transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)?
Inability to stop producing lung fluid
More common in C-section babies as body not been triggered by labour to stop producing
Along with increased birth weight what other condition is the baby of a diabetic mother at risk of post-natally?
Hypoglycaemia
What vitamin is given once to the neonate?
What vitamin is recommended for daily consumption in breastfed babies/bottlefed (<500ml/daily) babies?
Once - Vit K (Intramusclar)
Daily - Vit D
Why do we test babies red reflex of eye in examination?
To test for congenital cataracts
What is hypospadius?
Urethral opening on underside of penis
What hip condition must be screened for?
Hip dysplasia
