Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AV_PEDS > Neonates > Flashcards

Neonates Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

extremely preterm
preterm 
late preterm
early term
term
post-term
A

extremely preterm: ≤28 weeks
preterm: 28 weeks to 34 weeks
late preterm: 34 weeks to ≤36 weeks and 6 days
early term: ≥37 weeks to ≤38 weeks and 6 days
term: ≥39 weeks to <42 weeks
post-term: ≥42 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define
extremely low birth weight (ELBW):
very low birth weight (VLBW):
low birth weight (LBW):

A

extremely low birth weight (ELBW): ≤1000 grams
very low birth weight (VLBW): ≤1500 grams at birth
low birth weight (LBW): ≤2500 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define
small for gestational age (SGA):
appropriate for gestational age (AGA):
large for gestational age (LGA):

A

small for gestational age (SGA): ≤10th percentile for gestational age
appropriate for gestational age (AGA): 10th to 90th percentile for gestational age
large for gestational age (LGA): ≥90th percentile for gestational age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Preterms have the highest percentage of total fluid water relative to the body weight.

A

True, the percentage of total body water decreases with increasing gestational age and into adulthood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infants have high ratio of surface area to body weight which results in….

A

high evaporative losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insensible water losses increases with gestational age T/F

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In extreme preterm placing baby in bag is useful because

A

decreases insensible water loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why preterm babies can develop hypernatremia and what do we do?

A

there is increase insensible water losses, leading to hypernatremia.

Can require up to 200mL/kg/day of maintenace fluids to maintain fluid losses and normal sodium levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of hypoNa in neonates

A

excessive fluid resuscitation
donor human milk intake in very low weight
SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HyperK is common in preterm and term infants T/F

A

True, some causes:
acidosis
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
HEMOLYZED sample- so recheck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why preterm formulas ave higher concentrations of Ca and phosphorus

A

They are supplied 2:1 ratio

most preterm do not obtain adequate calcium and phosphorus stores during third trimester and have a greater need to maintain bone growth than term babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition of hypoglycemia

A

< 40 in first 48 hours of life, and PES defines it by hypoglycemia < 60 mg/dL by 48 hours of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia

A 
Prematurity
LGA or SGA
infant of diabetic mother
stress
sepsis
congenital disorders ( Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome, inborn errors of metabolism)
Polycythemia
Materna medication exposure ( beta blockers, insulin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Screen for glucose in neonates

A

within the first hour of life AFTER receiving an initial feed(formula or milk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Infants of diabetic mother are at increased risk for

A 
hypoglycemia
shoulder dystocia
hypoCa and hypoMg
respiratory distress ( RDS vs transient tachypnea of the newborn)
polycythemia
hyperbilirubinemia
congenital defects ( interventricular septal hypertrophy, Fallot, TGA)
small left colon syndrome
caudal regression syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fluid administration on the first day of life to <1.0 kg/<28 weeks

A

120 cc/kd/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fluid administration on the first day of life to

1 - 1.5 kg/28-32 weeks

A

100 cc/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fluid administration on the first day of life to\

1.5-2.0 kg/32-36 weeks

A

80 cc/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Term ( >36w)

A

60cc/kg/d

20
Q

Goals of enteric feeding ( should be introduced as fast as possible)

A
  • promote bacterial growth and achieve adequate nutrition
21
Q

In which patients do you consider NG tube.

A

Most preterms < 34 cannot feed by mouth, and NG can be placed until the baby develops cues and mature.

22
Q

Breastmilk reduces the risk of NEC in most premature infants

A

TRUE.

23
Q

In whom should Vit D supplementation be given

A

breastmilk babies.

24
Q

Classification of types of formulas

A 
Preterm formula (prot,vit, minerals, calories)
Postdischarge/ transitional formulas (calcium, pO4,calories for additional growth)
Hypoallergenic and elemental formulas ( ie. short gut syndrome, milk protein allergy, metabolic conditions)
Term formulas
25
Q

Why preterm babies have anemia

A

absence of iron transfer during third trimester and from iatrogenic blood loss.
ALL INFANTS SHOULD RECEIVE VIT D AND IRON supplementation once thye reach full volume feeds.

26
Q

kcal of MBM and DBM ?

which carbohydrate?

A

19 kcal/30 mL, lactose

27
Q

1 oz in ml

A

30 ml

28
Q

Preterm formula kcal/oz

A

20-30

lactose and glucose

29
Q

term formula kcal/oz

A

20

30
Q

Postdischarge preterm formula

A

22, lactose

31
Q

Contraindications of enteral feeding

A

hemodynamic instability
NEC
GI obstruction

32
Q

When giving TPN what should be monitored

A

Glucose levels when increasing or decreasing volume,
Electrolytes: mg, ca, phosphorus, aa
Na and K.

33
Q

How much weight loss is expected in preterms and terms in the first week of life, and when do they regain it?

A

10-15% in the first week.

regain this by day 10 -14%

34
Q

What is the rate for weight gain after gaining back their birth weight in :
<2 kg
>2 kg

A

< 2 kg: 15-20 g/kg/day

> 2 kg: 20-30g/kg/day

35
Q

How many cm do infants typically grow per week in lenght and head circumference

A

1 cm/week lenght

and 1cm/week in HC

36
Q

Fenton growth chart

A

combines info from the WHO and IU growth charts to estimate growth at varying gestational ages

37
Q

Olsen growth chart

A

for preterm infants combines multicenter data to reflect actual growth in the NICU rather than expected intrauterine growth.

38
Q

persistent hypoglycemia most often results from

A

congenital or genetic defect in regulating secretion of insulin, deficiency of
cortisol and/or growth hormone, or defects in the metabolism of glucose, glycogen, and fatty acids.

39
Q

Whipple’s triad

for confirming hypoglycemia

A

Whipple’s triad
for confirming hypoglycemia: symptoms and/or signs consistent with hypoglycemia, a documented low PG concentration, and relief of signs/symptoms when PG concentration
is restored to normal.

40
Q

Which moms receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for GBS

A
  1. Women who delivered a previous infant with GBS disease, whether currently colonized or not
  2. Women with GBS bacteriuria during any trimester of the current pregnancy
  3. Women with GBS positive screening result as 35-37 weeks of gestation in the current pregnancy
  4. Women at onset of labor with GBS unknown who have one of the following:
    a. Delivery < 37 weeks
    b. Intrapartum temperture >= 38
    c. ROM >18 hrs
    d. Intrapartum NAAT positive for GBS
41
Q

Meds for GBS in mom

A

Penicillin
if allergic, and low risk of anaphylaxis: cefazolin
if allergic and high risk of anaphylaxis: clindamycin

42
Q

Hypermagnesemia presentation in newborns, in the setting of mom with preclampsia

A 
respiratory depression
failure to pass meconium
flaccidity
lethargy
hyporeflexia 
poor feeding
  • generally supportive tto
  • if severe mechanical ventilation, IV calcium and diuresis
43
Q

Potter sequence

A

characteristics due to oligohydramnios in the setting of renal disease

MC renal agenesis

lung hypoplasia, growth retardation , flattened facias ( flattened nose, low set ears, micrognathia) and limb deformities.

44
Q

Definition of reactive nonstress test

A

2 accelerations in 20 minutes

45
Q

if nonstress test is non reactive, next step?

A

BPP

46
Q

What does a biophysical profile assess?

A 
1.Fetal movement ( by NST)
By US: 
2. Fetal tone 
3. Fetal reactivity 
4. Fetal breathing 
5. Amniotic fluid volume

points 0-2 are given to each factor
if total=<4 emergent delivery

47
Q

Definition of oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios

A

Amniotic fluid index < 5.1 - oligo

>=24 -polyhydramnios

AV_PEDS (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions