Breastfeeding Flashcards
Component of human milk that binds locally to inhibit bacterial growth
Lactoferrin
Component of human milk that provides immunity against many organisms
IgA
The most important criterion for assessing the milk transfer during a feeding at the breast
audible swallow
compared to formula, human milk contains high levels of?
Lipase anti-infective properties growth factors digestive enzymes hormones more protein
hormone responsible for milk ejection
oxytocin
hormone responsible for milk synthesis
prolactin
management of inverted nipples
nothing, natural changes of preganncy and infants suckling will evert the nipples
What is most likely to contribute to the volume of milk a woman produces?
supplementation of the infant with formula
Signs of adequate breast milk intake in the early first 4-6 weeks
baby gains weight
at least 3-4 stools in 24 hours
sounds of swallowing
at least 6 diapers wet with urine in 24 hours
infant with family history of allergy should be exclusively for ___ months
6
Severe engorgement is most often due to
infrequent breastfeeding
The most common cause of poor weight gain among breastfed infants during the first four weeks after birth
infrequent or ineffective feedings.
Do you interrupt breastfeeding when there is infection?
NO
extrarest
moist the involved area
antibiotics for 10-14 days
Presentation of nipple candidiasis
Oral thrush in infant
burning pain in breast
pink and shiny appearance of the nipple and areola
NO FEVER OR MALAISE
Jaundice in a normal full term breastfeeding infant is improved by
breastfeeding frequently ( at least 8 or more times in 24 hour)
Absolute CI of breastfeeding
Galactosemia
HIV
Relative CI
PKU and maple syrup disease- Alcohol Smoking Drugs Caffeine Active TB Hep B
Treatment of nipple candidiasis
Nystatin (Mycostatin).
However, because more than 40% of yeasts are resistant to nystatin, it is recommended that miconazole (Monistat-Derm) or clotrimazole (Lotrimin or Mycelex) creams be used to treat the mother
Colostrum
Thick yellowish fluid present in breast during pregnancy and for ~2-4 days after birth
Differences between colostrum vs. mature milk
Breast milk:
higher calorie
higher lactose
hig h fat
less protein
Stages lactogenesis
○ Lactogenesis I: 12th week of pregnancy until shortly after delivery “ development of breast tissue and secretion of colostrum”
○ Lactogenesis II: 2-4th day postpartum “ milk coming in more quantity-breasts more full and swallowing pattern becomes distinct”
○ Transitional period : 7-10th day
Mature milk : by day 14th. A volume of 600-900mL every 24 hours
Cow vs human milk
COW IS CASEIN, HUMAN MILK IS WHEY. Human milk helps better absorption of iron than cow or formula milk
Foremilk vs. hindmilk
§ Foremilk : milk that has been acumulated from last feeding. Has low fat content.
The hindmilk: milk available near the end of a feeding. Has higher FAT content.
Utility of Lactose in mature milk
LACTOSE= galactose + glucose
- Galactose - galactolipids for infant brain)
- Lactose essential source of glucose– hypoglycemia.
- Oligosaccharides: promote establishment of normal intestinal flora- gut immune response- invasive enteric infections and inflammation
- BIFIDUS FACTOR: olifosaccharides+ glycoproteins— stimulate growth and colonization of LACTOBACILLUS BIFIDUS
- helps passage of meconium- excretion bilirubin
What gives colostrum the yellow color?
Vit A- b carotene
Function of Vit A and b carotenw
infection and early retinal development
What are the components of protein of colostrum
Ig
Iron is absorbed better with human milk than cow or formula
True
Pre-term infants or term infants with perinatal blood loss may need additioanl Fe while still exclusively breastfeeding
True
Zinc deficiency
Intractable diaper and perioral rash
brain development
Utility of Vit A
AGAINST INFECTION AND RETINAL DEVELOPMENT
Utility of Vit E
against red cell hemolysis
Dose of Vit D
400 IU/DAY
