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Neonatal/Pediatric Specialty Examination > Neonatal/Pediatric Disorders > Flashcards

Neonatal/Pediatric Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is laryngotracheomalacia?

A

Floppy airway that may present with stridor, expiratory wheezing, and worsens with agitation.

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2
Q

What is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

A

Pathway between the esophagus and the trachea.

Requires surgical intervention and may need intubation before surgical repair.

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3
Q

What is Choanal atresia?

A

When the practitioner is unable to pass suction cathters through the nares.

Requires surgical intervention

Newborns are obligate nose breathers, and respiratory distress will be present at birth.

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4
Q

What is Pierre Robin Sydrome?

A

Cleft palate, micrognathia (small jaw) and posterior tongue.

Surgical correction is needed

The prone position can help alleviate symptoms until surgery can be performed

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5
Q

What is apparent life threatening event (ALTE)?

A

When a child experiences respiratory or cardiac arrest but resuscitation is successful

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6
Q

What is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

A

A previously healthy infant dies sunddenly of unknown cause, usually during sleep.

The leading cause of death in infants

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7
Q

What will an autopsy of ALTE & SIDS show?

A

Hypoxemic ishcemia (lack of oxygen to the brain).

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8
Q

When is ALTE & SIDS more common?

A
  • During winter
  • During sleep
  • During illness
  • While using prone sleeping positions
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9
Q

T or F GERD is a life threatening event?

A

True

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10
Q

What is the treatment for bronchioloitis?

A
  • O2
  • Suctioning
  • Fluid maintenance
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11
Q

What is sygnasis?

A

A drug that protects infants with chronic lung or heart disease from RSV.

Very expensive & not always effective

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12
Q

What is spinal muscular atrophy?

A

Hereditary disorder that is seen as progressive muscle weakness due to gradual destruction of the spinal cord.

Onset may begin in infancy or later in life and vary in severity

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of of spinal muscle atrophy?

A
  • Weak cough
  • Weak respiratory muscles
  • Respirtaory failure
  • Pumonary infections
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14
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

A genetic disorder that involves gradual progression of skeletal, respiaratory and cardiac muscle weakness.

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of muscular dystrophy?

A
  • Weak cough
  • Weak respiratory muscles lead to respiratory failure
  • Frequent pulmonary infections
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16
Q

What is apnea of prematurity?

A

Periods of apnea in premature infants, lasting 20 seconds or longer, usually associated with cyanosis and bradycardia.

Gentle stimulation usually resolves the episodes

17
Q

Apnea spells _____ and eventually resolve as infant ages?

A

decrease

18
Q

What type of CNS stimulant can be used to encourage CNS responses to increase CO2?

A

caffeine

19
Q

What is periodic breathing?

A

pauses in breathing lasting 5-10 seconds, interrupted by short bursts of active respirations. Normal in pre-term infants usually NOT associated w/cyanosis and bradycardia.

20
Q

What is pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE)?

A

Results when air enters the interstitium of the lung
Usually produced by mechanical ventilation in IRDS lungs

21
Q

What are some treatment modalities for PIE?

A
  • HFV and other lung protective strategies
  • Position patient to allow air to escape, bad lung down
22
Q

What is gastroschisis/omphalocele?

A

Complications that may include feeding problems, prematurity, intenstinal atresia. Other organs, such as the stomach or liver, protrude out of the opening.

Abnormal development of abdomnial wall and GI tract

23
Q

What is the treatment for gastroschisis?

A

Ventilatory support during, before, and after surgical repair.

24
Q

What is prune belly syndrome?

A

Congenital lack of abdominal muscles

25
Q

Patients w/ prune belly syndrome have what signs and symptoms?

A

Weak cough & increased secretions

Vent support and bronchial hygiene may be necessary

Neonatal/Pediatric Specialty Examination (9 decks)

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