Neonatal disease

Question 1

NRDS (surfactant deficient lung disease)

Answer 1

Seen in premature infants
Insufficient surfactant production and immaturity of lungs

Other RF - male sex, diabetic mothers, C sections, second born of prem twins

Question 2

NRDS features

Answer 2

Tachypnoea
Intercostal recession
Expiratory grunting 
Cyanosis
CXR shows 'ground glass' appearance with indistinct heart border

Question 3

NRDS management

Answer 3

Prevention during pregnancy: maternal corticosteroids to induce lung maturation
Oxygen
Assisted ventilation
Exogenous surfactant given via endotracheal tube

Question 4

Cephalohaematoma

Answer 4

Swelling on newborns head
Typically develops several hours after birth - bleeding between periosteum and skull
Most commonly in parietal region, doesn’t cross suture lines
May take months to resolve
Jaundice may develop as a complication
More common following prolonged, difficult deliveries

Question 5

Caput succedaneum

Answer 5

Swelling on side of head of newborn
More common following prolonged, difficult deliveries
Typically forms over the vertex and crosses suture lines
Resolves within days