Neoanalytic Approaches

Question 1

What is the rationale behind psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 1

Extract issues from id → rational ego can deal with them

Once conflict is resolved → person returns to good health

Question 2

What are three problems with psychoanalytic approaches/therapy that neoanalytic perspectives sought to address?

Answer 2

We’re not just rational people – we must also deal with stuff emotionally

Our goals and hopes influence how we behave and process our challenges.

Sexual energy isn’t the only motivation for behaviour

Question 3

What are three changes neoanalytic approaches made to Freud’s theories?

Answer 3

Less emphasis on sex

More emphasis on interpersonal relationships

Less emphasis on unconscious factors in motivation

Question 4

How does Jung’s analytic psychology differ from psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 4

Less sexually focused

More historically oriented

More spiritual/supernatural basis

Question 5

What are the three major components of the self according to Jung’s analytic psychology?

Answer 5

The conscious ego

The personal unconscious

The collective unconscious

Question 6

Conscious part of personality, sense of self (Jung)

Answer 6

The conscious ego

Question 7

Currently unimportant thoughts and actively repressed info; Irrelevant information (Jung)

Answer 7

The personal unconscious

Question 8

‘Human-kind’ memory of repeating stories that shape how we see the world (Jung)

Answer 8

The collective unconscious

Question 9

With respect to the collective unconscious, what did Jung propose a healthy person would do?

Answer 9

Bring these “universal” stories/archetypes into the conscious

Question 10

What were two key archetypes (Jung) discussed in class?

Answer 10

Animus/Anima

Persona and shadow

Question 11

Idealized male/female concept (Jung)

Answer 11

Animus/anima

Question 12

According to Jung, what do the persona and shadow represent?

Answer 12

Outward appearance vs. true inner self

Question 13

Shameful aspects of personality, can foster socially unacceptable behaviour (Jung)

Answer 13

Shadow

Question 14

With respect to the persona and shadow, what would Jung consider to be problematic?

Answer 14

If you identify more with social mask (persona) than with true self

Question 15

What were Jung’s four ways of thinking and what do each of them inform us about?

Answer 15

Sensing: What is actually present

Rational thinking: Recognize meaning

Feeling: Something’s value

Intuition: Possibilities as to origins/directions

Question 16

Connect the four ways of thinking to personality

Answer 16

Jung suggested we tend towards one way of thinking; Part of personality

Question 17

What more modern test draws on Jung’s ideas?

Answer 17

Myers-Briggs

Question 18

How did Adler’s analytic psychology differ from psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 18

More focused on the origin of motivation within individuals

Considered motivations more complex than sex/pleasure

Gave more consideration to the effect of social conditions

Question 19

The desire we each have to relate positively and productively with other people (Adler)

Answer 19

Social interest

Question 20

Proposes that we all feel inferior to others and have to compensate for this perception (Adler)

Answer 20

Inferiority complex

Question 21

What should happen to feelings of inferiority as we age (Adler)?

Answer 21

Develop out of these feelings and emphasize other functions/strengths

Question 22

Overcompensation or exaggeration seen to be stemming from insecurity/inferiority complex (Adler)

Answer 22

Masculine protest

Question 23

What did Adler propose with respect to birth order?

Answer 23

First borns: Move from only child to sharing; Strive to regain status

Middle borns: Born into rivalry and competition

Last borns: Coddled; Many (sibling) role models to live up to

Question 24

What does modern evidence suggest concerning the influence of birth order on motivation (specifically, risk taking)?

Answer 24

No birth-order effects on risk-taking

Question 25

What could be described as the main idea of neoanalytic theories?

Answer 25

Impact of others, social context

Question 26

How did Karen Horney reframe Freud's conceptualization of penis envy?

Answer 26

Suggested that penis envy is actually envy of the autonomy and power men held in society; Differs from Freud's more physiological ideas

Question 27

"A feeling of being insignificant, small, helpless, deserted, endangered in a world that is out to cheat, abuse, attack, humiliate, betray, and envy” (Horney, 1937)

Answer 27

Basic anxiety

Question 28

What new idea did Horney contribute relative to psychoanalysis?

Answer 28

Unconscious processes that develop in childhood arise from family and social conflicts, not internal ones

Question 29

What type of parenting would Horney have emphasized the importance of?

Answer 29

Warm, supportive

Question 30

What are two key differences between Horney's perspective and Freud/Jung's?

Answer 30

Conflict isn’t built in; It results from culturally and socially negative experiences during childhood Many people will not experience conflict

Question 31

What are the three aspects of the self (Horney)?

Answer 31

Real self, despised self, ideal self

Question 32

Which type of self would a healthy person have as their "inner core" of personality (Horney)?

Answer 32

Real self

Question 33

Which types of selves might a neurotic person hold central to their personality (Horney)?

Answer 33

Despised self: feelings of inferiority and shortcomings Ideal self: what one hopes to become

Question 34

What are the three ways of relating (Horney)?

Answer 34

Moving toward people (wanting affection) Moving against people (fighting) Moving away from people (withdrawing)

Question 35

What would a healthy adult vs a neurotic adult do with respect to the three ways of relating (Horney)?

Answer 35

A healthy adult will use each of these three approaches depending on what’s most appropriate for the situation A neurotic adult would lean heavily towards one way of relating

Question 36

Describe the characteristics and childhood of a neurotic adult who favours the "moving toward" way of relating as well as which self they most identify with.

Answer 36

Over-identify with the despised self Characteristics: dependent, insecure, helpless, self-effacing, passive, submissive, fearing success, craving protection. Childhood: had to be subordinate in order to gain affection

Question 37

Describe the characteristics and childhood of a neurotic adult who favours the "moving against" way of relating as well as which self they most identify with.

Answer 37

Over-identify with the ideal self Characteristics: aggressive, ambitious, hostile, angry, distrustful of others, demanding, arrogant Childhood: gave up hope of getting affection from parents, parents were neglectful and overly critical

Question 38

Describe the characteristics and childhood of a neurotic adult who favours the "moving away" way of relating as well as which self they most identify with.

Answer 38

Want to overcome the despised self but have no hope of achieving the ideal Characteristics: detached, stoic, resigned, hypersensitive to attempts to influence or control them Childhood: little respect or opportunity for individuality, egocentric and moody parents

Question 39

List the ten neurotic needs according to which way of relating they correspond to (Horney)

Answer 39

Moving toward: - Affection and approval - A domineering partner Moving against: - Power - Exploitation - Recognition and prestige - Admiration - Ambition and achievement Moving away: - Self-sufficiency - Perfection - Narrow limits to life

Question 40

How do children accomplish self-realization (Horney)?

Answer 40

Must learn to balance the three ways of relating

Question 41

Children who experience --- may become dependent on one particular way of relating

Answer 41

Higher basic anxiety

Question 42

How did Erik Erikson's developmental theory differ from its predecessors?

Answer 42

Adulthood as a continuing time of change instead of just a culmination of early experiences Identity formation is a lifelong process

Question 43

Briefly describe Erikson's developmental theory

Answer 43

Proposed eight stages, each with its own crisis Different influences, issues, and questions at each stage Successful completion of a stage requires a balance of having needs met but not oversupplying them; Issues arise when one leans too extremely to one side or the other

Question 44

What do modern approaches suggest with respect to ego theories?

Answer 44

Identity may be… - An internal, personal experience - A socially constructed experience Can be motivated by different things for different people; Can be helpful to consider both perspectives (internal and social)

Question 45

Instead of developing overarching theories of behaviour, what do modern approaches to ego theories do?

Answer 45

Consider characteristics in smaller contexts

Question 46

Compare what is reflected by a high self-monitoring score and a low self-monitoring score

Answer 46

High score: - Engages in self-presentation - Situational orientation Low score: - Does not care about self-presentation - Dispositional orientation

Question 47

True or False: Neoanalytic perspective are more pessimistic than psychoanalytic theory

Answer 47

False: More optimistic