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Personality > Neoanalytic Approaches > Flashcards

Neoanalytic Approaches Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rationale behind psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Extract issues from id → rational ego can deal with them

Once conflict is resolved → person returns to good health

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2
Q

What are three problems with psychoanalytic approaches/therapy that neoanalytic perspectives sought to address?

A

We’re not just rational people – we must also deal with stuff emotionally

Our goals and hopes influence how we behave and process our challenges.

Sexual energy isn’t the only motivation for behaviour

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3
Q

What are three changes neoanalytic approaches made to Freud’s theories?

A

Less emphasis on sex

More emphasis on interpersonal relationships

Less emphasis on unconscious factors in motivation

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4
Q

How does Jung’s analytic psychology differ from psychoanalytic theory?

A

Less sexually focused

More historically oriented

More spiritual/supernatural basis

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5
Q

What are the three major components of the self according to Jung’s analytic psychology?

A

The conscious ego

The personal unconscious

The collective unconscious

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6
Q

Conscious part of personality, sense of self (Jung)

A

The conscious ego

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7
Q

Currently unimportant thoughts and actively repressed info; Irrelevant information (Jung)

A

The personal unconscious

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8
Q

‘Human-kind’ memory of repeating stories that shape how we see the world (Jung)

A

The collective unconscious

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9
Q

With respect to the collective unconscious, what did Jung propose a healthy person would do?

A

Bring these “universal” stories/archetypes into the conscious

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10
Q

What were two key archetypes (Jung) discussed in class?

A

Animus/Anima

Persona and shadow

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11
Q

Idealized male/female concept (Jung)

A

Animus/anima

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12
Q

According to Jung, what do the persona and shadow represent?

A

Outward appearance vs. true inner self

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13
Q

Shameful aspects of personality, can foster socially unacceptable behaviour (Jung)

A

Shadow

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14
Q

With respect to the persona and shadow, what would Jung consider to be problematic?

A

If you identify more with social mask (persona) than with true self

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15
Q

What were Jung’s four ways of thinking and what do each of them inform us about?

A

Sensing: What is actually present

Rational thinking: Recognize meaning

Feeling: Something’s value

Intuition: Possibilities as to origins/directions

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16
Q

Connect the four ways of thinking to personality

A

Jung suggested we tend towards one way of thinking; Part of personality

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17
Q

What more modern test draws on Jung’s ideas?

A

Myers-Briggs

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18
Q

How did Adler’s analytic psychology differ from psychoanalytic theory?

A

More focused on the origin of motivation within individuals

Considered motivations more complex than sex/pleasure

Gave more consideration to the effect of social conditions

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19
Q

The desire we each have to relate positively and productively with other people (Adler)

A

Social interest

20
Q

Proposes that we all feel inferior to others and have to compensate for this perception (Adler)

A

Inferiority complex

21
Q

What should happen to feelings of inferiority as we age (Adler)?

A

Develop out of these feelings and emphasize other functions/strengths

22
Q

Overcompensation or exaggeration seen to be stemming from insecurity/inferiority complex (Adler)

A

Masculine protest

23
Q

What did Adler propose with respect to birth order?

A

First borns: Move from only child to sharing; Strive to regain status

Middle borns: Born into rivalry and competition

Last borns: Coddled; Many (sibling) role models to live up to

24
Q

What does modern evidence suggest concerning the influence of birth order on motivation (specifically, risk taking)?

A

No birth-order effects on risk-taking

25
Q

What could be described as the main idea of neoanalytic theories?

A

Impact of others, social context

26
Q

How did Karen Horney reframe Freud’s conceptualization of penis envy?

A

Suggested that penis envy is actually envy of the autonomy and power men held in society; Differs from Freud’s more physiological ideas

27
Q

“A feeling of being insignificant, small, helpless, deserted, endangered in a world that is out to cheat, abuse, attack, humiliate, betray, and envy” (Horney, 1937)

A

Basic anxiety

28
Q

What new idea did Horney contribute relative to psychoanalysis?

A

Unconscious processes that develop in childhood arise from family and social conflicts, not internal ones

29
Q

What type of parenting would Horney have emphasized the importance of?

A

Warm, supportive

30
Q

What are two key differences between Horney’s perspective and Freud/Jung’s?

A

Conflict isn’t built in;
It results from culturally and socially negative experiences during childhood

Many people will not experience conflict

31
Q

What are the three aspects of the self (Horney)?

A

Real self, despised self, ideal self

32
Q

Which type of self would a healthy person have as their “inner core” of personality (Horney)?

A

Real self

33
Q

Which types of selves might a neurotic person hold central to their personality (Horney)?

A

Despised self: feelings of inferiority and shortcomings

Ideal self: what one hopes to become

34
Q

What are the three ways of relating (Horney)?

A

Moving toward people (wanting affection)

Moving against people (fighting)

Moving away from people (withdrawing)

35
Q

What would a healthy adult vs a neurotic adult do with respect to the three ways of relating (Horney)?

A

A healthy adult will use each of these three approaches depending on what’s most appropriate for the situation

A neurotic adult would lean heavily towards one way of relating

36
Q

Describe the characteristics and childhood of a neurotic adult who favours the “moving toward” way of relating as well as which self they most identify with.

A

Over-identify with the despised self

Characteristics: dependent, insecure, helpless, self-effacing, passive, submissive, fearing success, craving protection.

Childhood: had to be subordinate in order to gain affection

37
Q

Describe the characteristics and childhood of a neurotic adult who favours the “moving against” way of relating as well as which self they most identify with.

A

Over-identify with the ideal self

Characteristics: aggressive, ambitious, hostile, angry, distrustful of others, demanding, arrogant

Childhood: gave up hope of getting affection from parents, parents were neglectful and overly critical

38
Q

Describe the characteristics and childhood of a neurotic adult who favours the “moving away” way of relating as well as which self they most identify with.

A

Want to overcome the despised self but have no hope of achieving the ideal

Characteristics: detached, stoic, resigned, hypersensitive to attempts to influence or control them

Childhood: little respect or opportunity for individuality, egocentric and moody parents

39
Q

List the ten neurotic needs according to which way of relating they correspond to (Horney)

A

Moving toward:
- Affection and approval
- A domineering partner

Moving against:
- Power
- Exploitation
- Recognition and prestige
- Admiration
- Ambition and achievement

Moving away:
- Self-sufficiency
- Perfection
- Narrow limits to life

40
Q

How do children accomplish self-realization (Horney)?

A

Must learn to balance the three ways of relating

41
Q

Children who experience — may become dependent on one particular way of relating

A

Higher basic anxiety

42
Q

How did Erik Erikson’s developmental theory differ from its predecessors?

A

Adulthood as a continuing time of change instead of just a culmination of early experiences

Identity formation is a lifelong process

43
Q

Briefly describe Erikson’s developmental theory

A

Proposed eight stages, each with its own crisis

Different influences, issues, and questions at each stage

Successful completion of a stage requires a balance of having needs met but not oversupplying them; Issues arise when one leans too extremely to one side or the other

44
Q

What do modern approaches suggest with respect to ego theories?

A

Identity may be…
- An internal, personal experience
- A socially constructed experience

Can be motivated by different things for different people; Can be helpful to consider both perspectives (internal and social)

45
Q

Instead of developing overarching theories of behaviour, what do modern approaches to ego theories do?

A

Consider characteristics in smaller contexts

46
Q

Compare what is reflected by a high self-monitoring score and a low self-monitoring score

A

High score:
- Engages in self-presentation
- Situational orientation

Low score:
- Does not care about self-presentation
- Dispositional orientation

47
Q

True or False: Neoanalytic perspective are more pessimistic than psychoanalytic theory

A

False: More optimistic

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