neo- marxism Flashcards
1
Q
what is neo- Marxism
A
- developed from classical Marxist theory
2
Q
types of neo- Marxism: Humanistic Marxism
A
- overlaps with social action theory that argues workers are active agents who use their free will and choose to resist capitalism
3
Q
types of neo- Marxism: Frankfurt School
A
- associated with Marcuse and Adorno
- both criticise Marx for being economic determinist since they argue that workers’ ideas and motivations are more important
4
Q
types of neo- Marxism: Structuralist/scientific Marxism
A
- focus on superstructure of capitalist society
5
Q
GRAMSCI: Humanistic Marxism
A
- he rejects traditional Marxist idea of economic forces/infrastructure determining worker’s experience of capitalist society
- explain how the ruling class maintains its position through hegemony or ideological and moral leadership of society
6
Q
GRAMSCI: Humanistic Marxism - Ideology
A
- the role of superstructure is to create ideologies to prop up the capitalist economy and structure by persuading WC that it is meritocratic
7
Q
GRAMSCI: Humanistic Marxism - cultural hegemony
A
- Gramsci saw the ruling class maintaining power over society;
- Coercion – it uses the army, police etc to force other classes to accept its rule
- Consent (hegemony) – it uses ideas and values to persuade the subordinate classes that its rule is legitimate
8
Q
GRAMSCI: Humanistic Marxism - ideas and social change
A
- workers have dual consciousness which means due to daily experience of exploitation they are able to see through ruling class ideology and develop their won ideas
9
Q
Frankfurt school; instrumental reason
A
- Marx failed to see people’s motivations for accepting capitalism and he was wrong to dismiss as false consciousness since people work hard to earn money and career so it’s important to understand why workers choose to work in exploitative conditions
10
Q
Frankfurt school; mass culture
A
- Marcuse empahasises on the role of mass culture in exploitation of WC
- mass media replaces religion as main means of maintaining ruling class power by distracting them from inequality and discourage critical thinking
11
Q
ALTHUSSER: structuralist/scientific Marxism
A
- he sees that capitalist society are made up of 4 different components; economic system, ideological state apparatuses, political system and repressive state apparatuses
12
Q
ALTHUSSER: structuralist/scientific Marxism - economic system
A
- it is responsible for the manufacture of goods and source of inequality
- it controls over most aspects of society
13
Q
ALTHUSSER: structuralist/scientific Marxism - ideological state apparatuses
A
- e.g. education and media disseminate the ruling class ideology which aims to reproduce and legitimate class inequality
14
Q
ALTHUSSER: structuralist/scientific Marxism - political system
A
- political system/state is the most important part of the superstructure since it can choose to practice ideological or repressive power
15
Q
ALTHUSSER: structuralist/scientific Marxism - repressive state apparatuses
A
- the ruling class sometimes has to use force e.g. police, courts etc to impose its will on people
