Neo-Freudianism Flashcards
characteristics of Freud’s ideas
determinism continuity of the animal kingdom unconscious influences play a strong role development; emphasis motivational emphasis applied psychology
contributions of Freud’s theory
first comprehensive theory of personality
psychoanalysis
generalizing psychology to other areas of human existence
explanations of normal behavior (Id, ego, superego)
psychoanalysis after freud: anna freud (1895-1982)
she had an early career as school teacher and worked a lot with kids
was inspired to apply psychoanalysis to children and did a lot to promote psychoanalysis. she didn’t expand the field at all, and wasn’t keen on tolerating challenges.
Talked in detail about defense mechanisms.
She didn’t bring much new knowledge to the table
the neofreudians
Jung, adler, and horney
They all had a big falling out with Freud. They mostly took issue with his insistence that sex is the ultimate motivator
they separated from him personally and professionally after their serious disagreements.
they were more focused on conscious and rational functions, and paid more attention to social influences
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
saw humans as good people
people’s primary psychological motive was to move toward {power} and {superiority}
we all begin life being dependent on other people, so we have this deep rooted sense of inferiority and we work toward a feeling of power and independence
its not sex that is driving us, its overcoming feelings of inferiority
he believed that life is inherently meaningless, and individuals must strive to give their lives meaning through worldview, goals, and lifestyles
adler: compensation
strengthening other areas
adler: overcompensation
trying to defeat a weakness and make it into a strength
adler: inferiority complex
using weakness as an excuse to stop compensation
one way Alfred Adler veered from Freudian views
were his beliefs in repressed memories:
- individuals do not suffer from traumatic experience
- they make out of it what will benefit them
Carl Jung (1875-1961)
he split in 1913 from Freudian views and it was a bitter fallout
unconscious: Jung is especially known for his “personal” unconscious (storehouse of experiences, some of which are repressed, and some of them you just can’t get to), and we all have a “collective” unconscious (ancestral memory that we can tap into)
archetypes: patterns of thoughts that people tend to develop.
- we have a public persona that we put on in public (feminine and masculine)
- anima and animus
- shadow
personality types: introverted vs. extroverted, masculine vs. feminine, and rational vs. irrational (everyone must find a balance between all of these personality types.
goal of life was to reach self-actualization
why was Jung criticized?
for the mystical nature of some of the archetypes.
he pulled from literature and art and history. Not all of it was as scientific as the community would have liked.
Karen Horney (1885-1952)
feminine psychology; critical of freud in the “anatomy is destiny”
She disagreed on how he approached sex differences.
causes of mental illness: conflict between individual and social demands
personality types are hostile, detached
the difference between normality and neuroticism is one of degree. we are all on the spectrum.
womb envy.
