Contemporary Psychology

Question 1

contemporary psych

Answer 1

over 54 different divisions

Question 2

spirit of eclecticism

Answer 2

employed when it comes to psychology

is defined as the willingness to employ the most effective methods available in solving a porblem

highest number of Ph.D are for women psychologists

Question 3

important people

Answer 3

wundt was against applied psych, but his students were not

Munsterberg did as much as he could when he reached the US to develop applied psychology

Emil Kraeplin is considered one of the founders of modern psychiatry

Witmer (founded clinical psychology) created the first psychology clinic and worked with children with speech-motor disorders

Question 4

Timeline

Answer 4

wundt founded psychology as an independent discipline in 1879

The apa was formed in 1892

Witmer created the first psychology clinic in 1896

Human efficiency in business (1910) Walter Dill Scott connection between psychology and industry was formed

WWI inhaled growth of psychology - Stanley Hall argued utilization of applied psych could increase military efficiency

Hawthorne Eeffect (1920) the finding that when employees knew that they were being observed and that workplace changes were being made to improve their productivity, it did improve productivity, no matter what those changes were

psychological testing (IQ, personality) became a major industry

APA organized itself into 18 divisions

after WWII, there was a huge need for psychotherapy among veterans

postmodernism is formed in the 1960’s

Question 5

training clinical psychologists

Answer 5

professional degree to be a clinical psychologist (Psy. D) which was first offered in 1968 in the university of illinois

2 major decisions occurred about this:

Question 6

Psychology’s two culture

Answer 6

clinical (applied) and experimental

Question 7

a unified discipline or multiple disciplines?

Answer 7

most psychologists view psychology as being multidisciplinary instead of one unified discipline

Joseph Matarazzo (1987) argues that a body of knowledge and basic processes/principles do form the core of psychology

he claims that while there are many scientific disciplines in psychology they are all unified by the same core content

Question 8

premodernism vs modernism

Answer 8

the view of psychology as a science has changed drastically over the years

premodernism believed that al l things, including human behavior, can be explained in terms of a religious dogma (developed during the middle ages due to the strong grip of the church)

modernism: the belief that improvement in the human condition can come only by understanding and applying the abstract, universal principles that govern the universe (including human behavior).

Question 9

postmodernism

Answer 9

opposes the search for abstract, universal laws that govern human behavior. Instead focuses on understanding human behavior in the context of the cultural, group, or personal environments in which the behavior occurs.

had much more in common with the Sophists who stated that there is no one truth but many truths that are subjective to individual experience.

Question 10

modernism vs postmodernism

Answer 10

when psychology became a science in the 19th century, there was a large focus on finding universal truths

as we came into the 1960’s a lot of people enjoyed trying to find all the different truths

Question 11

ludwig Wittgenstein

Answer 11

famous for arguing that philosophical debates are really debates over language games, or the rules that govern how we speak to each other.

language is a tool used by a community to communicate with each other

language is a community’s form of life according to him. the way we obey orders is a language game, how we measure objects, and etc.

had a theory of family resemblance: a category yes not have any on defining feature that must be shared by all members of the category, Instead there is a set of features distributed among members of a category with no single feature essential for inclusion in the category

a family member may have different parts that they inherited from different family members but no one part is needed to include them int he family

Question 12

Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976)

Answer 12

believed psychological were simply arguments over language games; wrote the book called the Concept of Mind

distinction between knowing how and knowing what

salt makes french fries taste better - you could also know how

Question 13

what is new in psychology

Answer 13

recent technology has caused a flourish of new research and ways to conduct research

Question 14

boulder model

Answer 14

The scientist–practitioner model, also called the Boulder Model, is a training model for graduate programs that provide applied psychologists with a foundation in research and scientific practice

{research and scientific practice}

Question 15

vail model

Answer 15

The practitioner–scholar model is an advanced educational and operational model that is focused on practical application of scholarly knowledge. It was initially developed to train clinical psychologists but has since been adapted by other specialty programs such as business, public health, and law.

{practical application of scholarly knowledge}

Question 16

Be familiar also with the persistent dichotomies with which psychology must wrestle.

Answer 16

When the APA was founded in 1892, its goal was to promote psychology as a science; however, most of the charter members were also sympathetic toward applied psychology. One exception was Titchener who, like his mentor Wundt, had little use for applied psychology.

Because large numbers of World War II veterans needed psychotherapy, the Veterans Administration funded programs to train psychologists as psychotherapists. Gradually, psychotherapy became the primary function of clinical psychologists. As the number of applied psychologists (such as clinicians) increased, they began creating their own organizations independent of the APA through which to pursue their professional interests. Eventually, the APA reacted by creating divisions that reflected both scientific and applied interests. As applied psychologists had earlier, eventually scientific psychologists began to perceive themselves as second-class members of the APA and reacted by creating their own organizations. The tension between scientific psychologists and applied psychologists also manifests itself in the current controversy concerning the training of clinical psychologists. One view is that clinical psychologists should receive the same rigorous training as does any other PhD in psychology. That is, clinicians should be scientist-practitioners. The other view is that clinical psychologists should be trained exclusively in the professional application of the discipline. That is, clinicians should earn PsyDs. As clinical psychologists entered the realm of psychotherapy, they were brought into conflict with psychiatrists, and numerous court battles ensued concerning the rights of clinical psychologists. With the granting of prescriptive privileges to clinical psychologists in some states, the services legally provided by psychiatrists and psychologists in those states are essentially the same.

Question 17

modernism

Answer 17

Stimulated by the work of such individuals as Newton, Bacon, and Descartes, a search for the universal laws or principles governing human behavior began. Modernism embraced objective rationality and empirical observation in its search for truth and came into full fruition in empiricism and positivism.