Nematodes of the Ruminant Gut Flashcards
What worm is the barberpole worm?
Haemonchus adult worms
Difference between male and female adult worms?
in females, both ends are tapered, whereas males have a “sucker” end and tend to be a bit smaller
Largest oocyst?
Nematodus
Trichostrongylus egg
one somewhat tapered end, space at both ends
Haemonchus egg
filled to the brim, as long as sample is fresh
Ostertagia egg
also quite full but a bit of space at one end
Cooperia egg
similar in appearance to trichostrongylus but much smaller and ends are symmetrical
General lifecycle of nematodes?
DIRECT, can develop in environment and be picked up by host
Direct loses due to nematodes
death, illness, reduced weight gain, poor milk production, carcass condemnation, treatment cost
Indirect losses due to nematodes
anorexia, decreased feed efficiency, later breeding, infertility, susceptible to more disease
Infective stage of nematodes?
L3 - found in pasture and resistant to environmental conditions because it has two coats
What species enters the gastric glands?
Ostertagia
Moroccan leather
appearance of abomasum due to the presence of Ostertagia
What species burrow in the gastric mucosa?
Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus
Oesophagostomum target?
small intestine! longer parasitic lifecycle and forms fibrous [eventually calcified] nodules
How are Bunostomum species different?
they can not only be ingested, but also penetrate the skin –> blood to heart to lungs to coughing to swallowed to SMALL INTESTINE
Daily egg production of Haemonchus?
5-15k (THOUSAND)
Daily egg production of Nematodirus?
50-100
Daily egg production of Cooperia?
1-3k (THOUSAND)
Daily egg production of Ostertagia/Trichostrongylus?
100-200
Daily egg production of Oesophagostomum?
5-10k (THOUSAND)
premise of hypobiosis
larvae ingested at end of fall may lay dormant in the abomasum until next spring or when animal is stressed
Clinical signs of Nematodes in ruminants?
reduced appetite, reduced abomasum capability, weight loss, etc, what you’d expect honestly
Bottlejaw
name for submandibular edema
Blood sucking parasites? (3)
- Haemonchus
- Bunostomum
- Oesophagostomum
Most pathogenic of the blood-sucking parasites?
Haemonchus
Main symptoms of blood sucking parasites?
ANEMIA and BOTTLEJAW (submandibular edema)
FAMACHA
scoring card 1-5
Strongyloides papillosus
free-living or parasitic, infected via skin penetration, causes catarrhal enteritis and severe diarrhea, diagnoses via fecal floats, treat with ivermectin
Toxocara vitulorum
intestinal nematode more common in the tropics (but is worldwide)
2 Unique Things about Toxocara vitulorum
- Lookit this egg
- Will NEVER develop into an adult worm in animals over 4 months of age
How are calves infected with Toxocara vitulorum?
colostrum (can be congenital but not as often)
Ruminant nematodes of the large intestine?
Trichuris ovis and Trichuris discolor
NOT PATHOGENIC
Nematodes of esophagus and rumen are from what genera?
Gongylonema (pulchrum (gulletworm) and verrucosum (first three stomachs))
If you don’t treat bovine Toxocara infections, what happens?
the parasites will be expelled by 5 months of age, but this has long term consequences
