Nematodes of the Ruminant Gut

Question 1

What worm is the barberpole worm?

Answer 1

Haemonchus adult worms

Question 2

Difference between male and female adult worms?

Answer 2

in females, both ends are tapered, whereas males have a “sucker” end and tend to be a bit smaller

Question 3

Largest oocyst?

Answer 3

Nematodus

Question 4

Trichostrongylus egg

Answer 4

one somewhat tapered end, space at both ends

Question 5

Haemonchus egg

Answer 5

filled to the brim, as long as sample is fresh

Question 6

Ostertagia egg

Answer 6

also quite full but a bit of space at one end

Question 7

Cooperia egg

Answer 7

similar in appearance to trichostrongylus but much smaller and ends are symmetrical

Question 8

General lifecycle of nematodes?

Answer 8

DIRECT, can develop in environment and be picked up by host

Question 9

Direct loses due to nematodes

Answer 9

death, illness, reduced weight gain, poor milk production, carcass condemnation, treatment cost

Question 10

Indirect losses due to nematodes

Answer 10

anorexia, decreased feed efficiency, later breeding, infertility, susceptible to more disease

Question 11

Infective stage of nematodes?

Answer 11

L3 - found in pasture and resistant to environmental conditions because it has two coats

Question 12

What species enters the gastric glands?

Answer 12

Ostertagia

Question 13

Moroccan leather

Answer 13

appearance of abomasum due to the presence of Ostertagia

Question 14

What species burrow in the gastric mucosa?

Answer 14

Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus

Question 15

Oesophagostomum target?

Answer 15

small intestine! longer parasitic lifecycle and forms fibrous [eventually calcified] nodules

Question 16

How are Bunostomum species different?

Answer 16

they can not only be ingested, but also penetrate the skin –> blood to heart to lungs to coughing to swallowed to SMALL INTESTINE

Question 17

Daily egg production of Haemonchus?

Answer 17

5-15k (THOUSAND)

Question 18

Daily egg production of Nematodirus?

Answer 18

50-100

Question 19

Daily egg production of Cooperia?

Answer 19

1-3k (THOUSAND)

Question 20

Daily egg production of Ostertagia/Trichostrongylus?

Answer 20

100-200

Question 21

Daily egg production of Oesophagostomum?

Answer 21

5-10k (THOUSAND)

Question 22

premise of hypobiosis

Answer 22

larvae ingested at end of fall may lay dormant in the abomasum until next spring or when animal is stressed

Question 23

Clinical signs of Nematodes in ruminants?

Answer 23

reduced appetite, reduced abomasum capability, weight loss, etc, what you’d expect honestly

Question 24

Bottlejaw

Answer 24

name for submandibular edema

Question 25

Blood sucking parasites? (3)

Answer 25

1. Haemonchus
2. Bunostomum
3. Oesophagostomum

Question 26

Most pathogenic of the blood-sucking parasites?

Answer 26

Haemonchus

Question 27

Main symptoms of blood sucking parasites?

Answer 27

ANEMIA and BOTTLEJAW (submandibular edema)

Question 28

FAMACHA

Answer 28

scoring card 1-5

Question 29

Strongyloides papillosus

Answer 29

free-living or parasitic, infected via skin penetration, causes catarrhal enteritis and severe diarrhea, diagnoses via fecal floats, treat with ivermectin

Question 30

Toxocara vitulorum

Answer 30

intestinal nematode more common in the tropics (but is worldwide)

Question 31

2 Unique Things about Toxocara vitulorum

Answer 31

1. Lookit this egg
2. Will NEVER develop into an adult worm in animals over 4 months of age

Question 32

How are calves infected with Toxocara vitulorum?

Answer 32

colostrum (can be congenital but not as often)

Question 33

Ruminant nematodes of the large intestine?

Answer 33

Trichuris ovis and Trichuris discolor
NOT PATHOGENIC

Question 34

Nematodes of esophagus and rumen are from what genera?

Answer 34

Gongylonema (pulchrum (gulletworm) and verrucosum (first three stomachs))

Question 35

If you don’t treat bovine Toxocara infections, what happens?

Answer 35

the parasites will be expelled by 5 months of age, but this has long term consequences