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(1) VPARA > NEMATODES INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

NEMATODES INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes also known as

A

Roudworms

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2
Q

General Characteristics of NEMATODES

A
  1. Cylindrical in shape
  2. free-living or parasitic
  3. unisexual
  4. may have a direct or indirect life cycle
  5. unsegmented
  6. present alimentary canal
  7. with body cavity filled with fluid
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3
Q

NEMATODES General Morphology of the Integumentary System

A
  1. elongated, cylindrical, and tapering at the extremities
  2. body is covered by a smooth cuticle
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4
Q

All nematodes are elongated, cylindrical, and tapering at the extremeties except

A

Tetrameres & Simondsia

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5
Q

Tetrameres are found in this organ

A

Proven of chicken

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6
Q

It swells after copulation giving the spherical appearance

A

Tetrameres

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7
Q

Type of nematodes which globular posteriorly

A

Simondsia

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8
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like

A

hooks
thickenings
cresent cephalic collar

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9
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like hooks and are present in these nematodes/roundworms

A

Tetrameres & Rictularia

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10
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like simple or more complicated thickenings and are present in these nematodes/roundworms

A

Gongylonema & Acuaria

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11
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like cresent cephalic collar and are present in these nematodes/roundworms

A

Physaloptera

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12
Q

The cuticle of nematode is formed by an underlying syncytium of cells called the

A

hypodermis

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13
Q

It forms 4 longitudinal thickenings, two of which are part of the excretory system and the 2 others are nerve cords.

A

Hypodermis

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14
Q

The hypodermis of nematodes forms 4 longitudinal thickenings, two of which are part of the ________ and the 2 others are _______.

A

excretory system
nerve cords

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15
Q

The cuticle has a variety of modifications namely:

A
  1. leaf crowns
  2. Cervical or caudal papillae
  3. Cervical and caudal alae
  4. Copulatory bursa
  5. Plaques and Cordons
  6. Mouth
  7. Amphids
  8. Phasmids
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16
Q

rows of papillae around the rim of buccal capsule

A

leaf crowns

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17
Q

Leaf crowns are prominent in these nematodes

A

horse nematodes

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18
Q

The function is unknown but its is suggested that it is used to pin a patch of mucosa in position during feeding or they may prevent entry of foreign matter into the buccal capsule when the worm has detached from the mucosa

A

Leaf crowns

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19
Q

spine-like or finger-like processes which are sensory or supportive in function

A

Cervical or caudal papillae

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20
Q

flattened, wing-like expansions of the cuticle in the esophagus and tail region

A

Cervical and caudal alae

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21
Q

structure that embraces the female during copulation; highly developed in strongylids; derived from the much expanded caudal alae

A

Copulatory bursa

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22
Q

This structure is not present in Ascaris and Trichuris

A

Copulatory bursa

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23
Q

highly developed in these namatodes

A

strongylids

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24
Q

plate-like and cord-like ornamentation present in the cuticle of many nematodes of the superfamily Spiruroidea

A

Plaques and Cordons

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25
Q

Plaques and Cordons are present in the cuticle of many nematodes of this superfamily

A

superfamily Spiruroidea

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26
Q

sometimes subdorsal or subventral; it is usually surrounded by 2 or 3 lips which bears papillae

A

Mouth anterior

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27
Q

depression on each side of the head

A

Amphids

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28
Q

depression on the posterior extremity, these structures act as chemororeceptors. It is used as a basis for classification (Phasmidea and Aphasmidea)

A

Phasmids

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29
Q

Phasmids act as

A

chemororeceptors

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30
Q

It is used as a basis for classification (Phasmidea and Aphasmidea)

A

Phasmids

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31
Q

the buccal capsule may contain tooth (Strongyloid). The esophagus is another basis for classifying nematodes. It has triradiate lumen lined with a cuticle. The wall contains 3 esophageal glands which secrete digestive enzyme. It is muscular enabling it to pump food into the intestine

A

Buccal capsule or esophagus

32
Q

the buccal capsule may contain tooth, can be seen in this nematode

A

Strongyloid

33
Q

is another basis for classifying nematodes

A

Buccal capsule or esophagus

34
Q

The wall of the Buccal capsule or esophagus contains this gland which secretes the digestive enzyme.

A

3 esophageal glands

35
Q

It is muscular enabling it to pump food into the intestine

A

Buccal capsule or Esophagus

36
Q

simple tube with non-muscular wall. It is composed of a single layer of columnar cells

A

Intestine

37
Q

lined with cuticle; into which the genital duct opens-in male (cloaca)

A

Rectum

38
Q

Situated behind the anal or cloacal opening

A

Tail

39
Q

Nematodes absorption of nutrients is via

A

microvilli in the gut

40
Q

region between muscle and alimentary canal

A

perienteric space

41
Q

The perienteric space contains ________ which is composed of proteins, fats, glucose, enzymes and oxyhemoglobin which serves the function of blood.

A
42
Q

perienteric fluid is composed of

A

(FEGOP)
fats
enzymes
glucose
oxyhemoglobin
proteins

43
Q

which serves the function of blood

A

oxyhemoglobin

44
Q

This fluid produces high pressure which maintains the turgidity and shape of the nematode.

A

perienteric fluid

45
Q

male genital system of nematodes

A

Spicule
Testis
Copulatory bursa
Ejeculatory duct
Vas deferens

46
Q

Female genital system of nematodes

A

Ovary
uterus
Vagina
Vulva

47
Q

structure of the copulatory bursa

A

Spicula
Anus
Dorsal lobe
Lateral lobe
Bursal rays
Copulatory bursa

48
Q

The basic forms of esophagus found in nematodes

A
  1. Double-bub
  2. Muscular-glandular
  3. Trichuroid
  4. Rhabditiform
  5. Filariform
  6. Bulb
49
Q

Double-bub form of esophagus is found in this nematode

A

Oxyurids

50
Q

Causative agent of anal scooting

A

Oxyurids

51
Q

Muscular-glandular form of esophagus is found in this nematode

A

Filaroids

52
Q

Trichuroid form of esophagus is found in this nematode

A

Trichuroids

53
Q

Rhabditiform form of esophagus is found in this nematode

A

Freeliving
Ancylostoma Larva of strongyloides

54
Q

Filariform form of esophagus is found in this nematode

A

Parasitic Strongyloides

55
Q

Bulb form of esophagus is found in this nematode

A

Ascarids
Toxocara

56
Q

Integumentary System of Nematodes

A

✓ buccal capsule or esophagus
✓ intestine
✓ rectum
✓ anus
✓ tail

57
Q

brain of the nematodes is called

A

circumesophageal ring

58
Q

It consist of a number of ganglia “connected by fibers forming the nerve ring which surround the esophagus

A

circumesophageal ring

59
Q

found around the mouth, which act as chemoreceptors

A

amphids

60
Q

found around the anus which act as chemoreceptors

A

phasmids

61
Q

Male nematodes are usually smaller than females

A
62
Q

Male reproductive organs:

A

Single testes
vas deferens
seminal vesicle
muscular ejaculatory duct
cloaca

63
Q

the structure that opens in the cloaca which serves during copulation for attachment and to expand the vagina and direct the flow of sperms

usually paired but some species have only one (Trichuris) or none (Trichinella

A

spicule

64
Q

Spicule are usually paired but some species have only one (what sp.?) or none (what sp.?)

A

Trichuris
Trichinella

65
Q

cuticular thickening in the dorsal wall of cloaca which guide the spicule; may or may not be present

A

gubernaculum

66
Q

cuticular thickening in the ventral wall of cloaca

A

Melamon

67
Q

Female reproductive organs

A

✓ two ovaries
✓ oviduct
✓ seminal receptacle
✓ uterus
✓ vagina
✓ vulva

68
Q

where eggs are sorted and fertilized

A

seminal receptacle

69
Q

Where egg shells are formed

A

uterus

70
Q

a short muscular organ located at the junction of the uterus and vagina in some species which assists in egg-laying

A

Ovijector

71
Q

found in some Trichostrongylids; it has the same function with ovijector

A

Vulva flap

72
Q

Vulva flap is found in some of these nematodes

A

Trichostrongylids

73
Q

Infective stage of a direct life cycle

A

L3

74
Q

This nematode causes anal scooting

A

Oxyurids

75
Q

Digestive system of Nematodes

A

• Mouth
• buccal capsule or esophagus (w/ esophageal glands)
• intestine with microvilli
• rectum
• anus

(1) VPARA (16 decks)

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