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NEMATODES INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes also known as

A

Roudworms

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2
Q

General Characteristics of NEMATODES

A
  1. Cylindrical in shape
  2. free-living or parasitic
  3. unisexual
  4. may have a direct or indirect life cycle
  5. unsegmented
  6. present alimentary canal
  7. with body cavity filled with fluid
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3
Q

NEMATODES General Morphology of the Integumentary System

A
  1. elongated, cylindrical, and tapering at the extremities
  2. body is covered by a smooth cuticle
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4
Q

All nematodes are elongated, cylindrical, and tapering at the extremeties except

A

Tetrameres & Simondsia

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5
Q

Tetrameres are found in this organ

A

Proven of chicken

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6
Q

It swells after copulation giving the spherical appearance

A

Tetrameres

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7
Q

Type of nematodes which globular posteriorly

A

Simondsia

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8
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like

A

hooks
thickenings
cresent cephalic collar

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9
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like hooks and are present in these nematodes/roundworms

A

Tetrameres & Rictularia

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10
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like simple or more complicated thickenings and are present in these nematodes/roundworms

A

Gongylonema & Acuaria

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11
Q

the cuticle of nematodes may form special adhesive structures like cresent cephalic collar and are present in these nematodes/roundworms

A

Physaloptera

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12
Q

The cuticle of nematode is formed by an underlying syncytium of cells called the

A

hypodermis

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13
Q

It forms 4 longitudinal thickenings, two of which are part of the excretory system and the 2 others are nerve cords.

A

Hypodermis

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14
Q

The hypodermis of nematodes forms 4 longitudinal thickenings, two of which are part of the ________ and the 2 others are _______.

A

excretory system
nerve cords

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15
Q

The cuticle has a variety of modifications namely:

A
  1. leaf crowns
  2. Cervical or caudal papillae
  3. Cervical and caudal alae
  4. Copulatory bursa
  5. Plaques and Cordons
  6. Mouth
  7. Amphids
  8. Phasmids
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16
Q

rows of papillae around the rim of buccal capsule

A

leaf crowns

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17
Q

Leaf crowns are prominent in these nematodes

A

horse nematodes

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18
Q

The function is unknown but its is suggested that it is used to pin a patch of mucosa in position during feeding or they may prevent entry of foreign matter into the buccal capsule when the worm has detached from the mucosa

A

Leaf crowns

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19
Q

spine-like or finger-like processes which are sensory or supportive in function

A

Cervical or caudal papillae

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20
Q

flattened, wing-like expansions of the cuticle in the esophagus and tail region

A

Cervical and caudal alae

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21
Q

structure that embraces the female during copulation; highly developed in strongylids; derived from the much expanded caudal alae

A

Copulatory bursa

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22
Q

This structure is not present in Ascaris and Trichuris

A

Copulatory bursa

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23
Q

highly developed in these namatodes

A

strongylids

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24
Q

plate-like and cord-like ornamentation present in the cuticle of many nematodes of the superfamily Spiruroidea

A

Plaques and Cordons

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25
Plaques and Cordons are present in the cuticle of many nematodes of this superfamily
superfamily Spiruroidea
26
sometimes subdorsal or subventral; it is usually surrounded by 2 or 3 lips which bears papillae
Mouth anterior
27
depression on each side of the head
Amphids
28
depression on the posterior extremity, these structures act as chemororeceptors. It is used as a basis for classification (Phasmidea and Aphasmidea)
Phasmids
29
Phasmids act as
chemororeceptors
30
It is used as a basis for classification (Phasmidea and Aphasmidea)
Phasmids
31
the buccal capsule may contain tooth (Strongyloid). The esophagus is another basis for classifying nematodes. It has triradiate lumen lined with a cuticle. The wall contains 3 esophageal glands which secrete digestive enzyme. It is muscular enabling it to pump food into the intestine
Buccal capsule or esophagus
32
the buccal capsule may contain tooth, can be seen in this nematode
Strongyloid
33
is another basis for classifying nematodes
Buccal capsule or esophagus
34
The wall of the Buccal capsule or esophagus contains this gland which secretes the digestive enzyme.
3 esophageal glands
35
It is muscular enabling it to pump food into the intestine
Buccal capsule or Esophagus
36
simple tube with non-muscular wall. It is composed of a single layer of columnar cells
Intestine
37
lined with cuticle; into which the genital duct opens-in male (cloaca)
Rectum
38
Situated behind the anal or cloacal opening
Tail
39
Nematodes absorption of nutrients is via
microvilli in the gut
40
region between muscle and alimentary canal
perienteric space
41
The perienteric space contains ________ which is composed of proteins, fats, glucose, enzymes and oxyhemoglobin which serves the function of blood.
42
perienteric fluid is composed of
(FEGOP) fats enzymes glucose oxyhemoglobin proteins
43
which serves the function of blood
oxyhemoglobin
44
This fluid produces high pressure which maintains the turgidity and shape of the nematode.
perienteric fluid
45
male genital system of nematodes
Spicule Testis Copulatory bursa Ejeculatory duct Vas deferens
46
Female genital system of nematodes
Ovary uterus Vagina Vulva
47
structure of the copulatory bursa
Spicula Anus Dorsal lobe Lateral lobe Bursal rays Copulatory bursa
48
The basic forms of esophagus found in nematodes
1. Double-bub 2. Muscular-glandular 3. Trichuroid 4. Rhabditiform 5. Filariform 6. Bulb
49
Double-bub form of esophagus is found in this nematode
Oxyurids
50
Causative agent of anal scooting
Oxyurids
51
Muscular-glandular form of esophagus is found in this nematode
Filaroids
52
Trichuroid form of esophagus is found in this nematode
Trichuroids
53
Rhabditiform form of esophagus is found in this nematode
Freeliving Ancylostoma Larva of strongyloides
54
Filariform form of esophagus is found in this nematode
Parasitic Strongyloides
55
Bulb form of esophagus is found in this nematode
*Ascarids* *Toxocara*
56
Integumentary System of Nematodes
✓ buccal capsule or esophagus ✓ intestine ✓ rectum ✓ anus ✓ tail
57
brain of the nematodes is called
circumesophageal ring
58
It consist of a number of ganglia "connected by fibers forming the nerve ring which surround the esophagus
circumesophageal ring
59
found around the mouth, which act as chemoreceptors
amphids
60
found around the anus which act as chemoreceptors
phasmids
61
Male nematodes are usually smaller than females
62
Male reproductive organs:
Single testes vas deferens seminal vesicle muscular ejaculatory duct cloaca
63
the structure that opens in the cloaca which serves during copulation for attachment and to expand the vagina and direct the flow of sperms usually paired but some species have only one (Trichuris) or none (Trichinella
spicule
64
Spicule are usually paired but some species have only one (what sp.?) or none (what sp.?)
Trichuris Trichinella
65
cuticular thickening in the dorsal wall of cloaca which guide the spicule; may or may not be present
gubernaculum
66
cuticular thickening in the ventral wall of cloaca
Melamon
67
Female reproductive organs
✓ two ovaries ✓ oviduct ✓ seminal receptacle ✓ uterus ✓ vagina ✓ vulva
68
where eggs are sorted and fertilized
seminal receptacle
69
Where egg shells are formed
uterus
70
a short muscular organ located at the junction of the uterus and vagina in some species which assists in egg-laying
Ovijector
71
found in some Trichostrongylids; it has the same function with ovijector
Vulva flap
72
Vulva flap is found in some of these nematodes
Trichostrongylids
73
Infective stage of a direct life cycle
L3
74
This nematode causes anal scooting
Oxyurids
75
Digestive system of Nematodes
• Mouth • buccal capsule or esophagus (w/ esophageal glands) • intestine with microvilli • rectum • anus

(4) HELMINTH (16 decks)

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