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(4) HELMINTH > CLASS COTYLODA (Pseudophyllidea): Family Diphyllobothriidae > Flashcards

CLASS COTYLODA (Pseudophyllidea): Family Diphyllobothriidae Flashcards

1
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum CN

A

“broad fish tapeworm of man”

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2
Q

Family Diphylobothridae genera
Diphylobothrium

A

Spirometra

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3
Q

Hosts of Diphyllobothrium latum “broad fish tapeworm of man”

A

fish-eating mammalsman, dogs, cats

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4
Q

Its hosts are fish-eating mammalsman, dogs, cats

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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5
Q

Site of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

small intestine

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6
Q

1st IH of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

copepods (Diaptomus vulgaris, Cyclops strenuus)

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7
Q

Diaptomus vulgaris CN

A

Cray fish

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8
Q

2nd IH of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

freshwater fish (trout, pike, salmon, perch)

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9
Q

Morphology of Diphyllobothrium latum

A
  • Could be as long as 20 meters in length with up to 3000 segments
  • largest tapeworm of man
  • yellowish grey in color with dark central ventral markings caused by the uterus
  • With 2 muscular longitudinal grooves (bothria) at the spoon-shaped scolex
  • Embryophore bears a cilia, once the eggs are hatched the larva is motile (coracidium)
  • Bilobed ovary is central
  • Roseate-shaped uterus is central and opens ventrally
  • Eggs are operculated, light brown, with round ends
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10
Q

Could be as long as 20 meters in length with up to 3000 segments

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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11
Q

largest tapeworm of man

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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12
Q

Eggs are operculated, light brown, with round ends

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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13
Q

Life Cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum

A
  1. eggs are voided out with the feces
  2. develops into 1st stage larva (coracidium) in two weeks
  3. coracidium swims in water and become ingested by 1st i.h. within 12 hours
  4. procercoid in 2-3 weeks
  5. 2nd i.h. eat infected copepods
  6. plerocercoid develops in the muscle tissue of fish
  7. ingestion of raw or partially cooked fish with plerocercoid
  8. eggs appear in the feces 5-6 weeks post-infection
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14
Q

Essentially a parasite of humans because it produces few fertile eggs in other hosts

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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15
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum competes for this vitamin uptake

A

B12

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16
Q

Treatment for Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Praziquantel 25 mg/kg
Niclosamide
Quinacrine

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17
Q

Spirometra erinacei CN

A

Zipper worm disease

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18
Q

Spirometra spp. causes what disease?

A

Spirometrosis

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19
Q

Morphology of Spirometra erinacei

A
  • Adults measure 25-75 cm
  • Mature proglottids often separate along the longitudinal axis for a short distance
  • Egg is yellowish brown, asymmetric
  • The second larval stage (plerocercoid) is specifically referred to as sparganum
20
Q

the tapeworm appears to “unzip”, hence the name of______

A

zipper tapeworm

21
Q

The second larval stage (plerocercoid) is specifically referred to as ______

22
Q

sparganum causes what disease in human?

A

sparganosis

23
Q

Most common pseudophyllidean tapeworm in the Philippines

A

Spirometra erinacei

24
Q

It is prevalent in Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam and sporadically in other continents

A

Sparganosis

25
Q

Difference between Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra species

A

Diphyllobothrium spp.
Eggs: Ovoid, with zygote
Uterine coils: Roseate
Cirrus and vaginal opening: Common
First intermediate host: Diaptomus
Second intermediate host: Fish
Final host: Man, carnivores
Length: 20 meters (3000 segments)
Eng color: light brown

Spirometra spp.
Eggs: asymmetric
Uterine coils: Spiral
Cirrus and vaginal opening: Separate
First intermediate host: Cyclops
Second intermediate host: Frog, reptile, mammal, bird
Final host: carnivores
Length: 15-75 cm
Eng color: yellow brown

26
Q

1ST IH of Diphyllobothrium spp.

27
Q

1ST IH of Spirometra spp.

28
Q

2nd IH of Diphyllobothrium spp.

29
Q

2nd IH of Spirometra spp.

A

Frog, reptile, mammal, bird

30
Q

Final host of Diphyllobothrium spp.

A

Man, carnivores

31
Q

Final host Spirometra spp.

A

carnivores

32
Q

Adults are generally harmless and may cause intermittent diarrhea

A

Spirometra erinacei

33
Q

Infective stage of Spirometra erinacei

A

Plerocercoid (sparganum)

34
Q

This disease in man is caused by spargana characterized by the presence of larvae in muscles and tissues

A

Sparganosis

35
Q

Treatment for Sparganosis

A
  • Surgical removal of plerocercoid or sparganum in humans * Arecoline Hydrobromide (areca nut) 1-2 mg/kg bw
  • Dichlorfen 20 mg/kg
  • Quinacrine HCI 15-40 mg/kg
36
Q

Disease of cyprinid and silurid fish

37
Q

1st IH of ligulosis

38
Q

Caused by plerocercoids of tapeworms Ligula intestinalis and Digramma interrupta in birds

39
Q

Causative agents of Ligulosis

A

Ligula intestinalis (fish) and Digramma interrupta (birds)

40
Q

Causative agent of ligulosis in birds

A

Digramma interrupta

41
Q

Causative agent of ligulosis in fishes

A

Ligula intestinalis

42
Q

It causes parasitic castration in fishes

A

Ligula intestinalis

44
Q

More pathogenic species under Family Diphyllobothriidae

A

Genus Diphyllobothrium

45
Q

Less pathogenic species under Family Diphyllobothriidae

A

Genus Spirometra

46
Q

Infective stage of Spirometra

A

Plerocercoid

(4) HELMINTH (16 decks)

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