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(4) HELMINTH > Introduction of Tapeworms > Flashcards

Introduction of Tapeworms Flashcards

1
Q

Cestodes is also known as?

A

Tapeworms

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2
Q

Two orders of cestodes (tapeworms)

A

✓ Order Cotyloda / Pseudophyllidea (Pseudotapeworms)
✓ Oder Eucestoda / Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

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3
Q

Order Cotyloda/Pseudophyllidea also known as?

A

Pseudotapeworms

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4
Q

Oder Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea also known as?

A

True tapeworms

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5
Q

SN of Pseudotapeworms

A

Cotyloda/Pseudophyllidea

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6
Q

SN of True tapeworms

A

Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea

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7
Q

Organ attachment of Order Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

Suckers and rostellum

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8
Q

Stage of infective to 1st IH of Order Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

Hexacanth embryo

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9
Q

No. of IH of Order Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

One

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10
Q

Egg shedding of Order Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

Via thysanus

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11
Q

Organ of attachment of Order Cotyloda/Pseudophyllidea (Pseudotapeworms)

A

Bothria

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12
Q

Stage infective to 1st IH of Order Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

Coracidium

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13
Q

Tapeworms also known as?

A

Segmented worms

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14
Q

No. of IH of Order Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

Two

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15
Q

Egg shedding of Order Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

Via uterine pore

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16
Q

Differentiate Order Cotyloda/Pseudophyllidea (Pseudotapeworms) and Eucestoda/Cyclophyllidea (True tapeworms)

A

The organ of attachment of order Cyclophyllidea are suckers and rostellum, stage infective to first IH is the hexacanth embryo with only one IH and eggs are shedded via thysanus. On the other hand, Order Pseudophyllidea organ of attachment is the bothria, stage infective to first IH is the coracidium with two IH and eggs are shedded via uterine pore.

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17
Q

General characteristics of Tapeworms

A
  1. With elongate flat body
  2. Without body cavity
  3. Without alimentary canal
  4. Hemaphroditic
  5. Body consist of head or scolex, neck and strobila
  6. The scolex may bear hooks or suckers which may be armed; rostellum may be present
  7. Strobila is segmented
  8. Each proglottid consists of 1 or 2 sets of male and female reproductive organ
  9. Has an indirect life cycle
  10. The size varies from a few mm to several meters in length
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18
Q

A protrusible part

A

rostellum

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19
Q

Typical Cestode Parts

A

scolex
rostellum
sucker
neck
strobila
Immature proglottid
Mature proglottid
Gravid proglottid
proglottid

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20
Q

Scolex or head of a tapeworm are composed of what?

A

rostellum
sucker
neck

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21
Q

Strobila of tapeworms are composed of what?

A

Immature proglottid
Mature proglottid
Gravid proglottid
Proglottid

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22
Q

Mobile retractable structure of a tapeworm

A

Rostellum

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23
Q

Segments of the Tapeworm

A

Strobila

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24
Q

Part of strobila where eggs are shedded, uterus and ova are located, and can be detached to be a new tapeworm

A

Gravid proglottid

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25
Q

The body of the tapeworm is covered by this which serves as a protective structure

A

tegument

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26
Q

The chief organ for nourishment being composed of interspersed microtriches (microvilli) which aids in absorption of food

A

tegument

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27
Q

Aids in the absorption of food

A

microtriches (microvilli)

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28
Q

Excretory organs of tapeworm are composed of what?

A

Rostellar Nerve Ring and 2 Lateral Nerve Cords

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29
Q

both of these types of reproduction may occur

A

cross-and self-fertilization

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30
Q

A metameric repetition of reproductive organs

A

Proglottidization

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31
Q

Male Reproductive Organs

A

one or more testes
vas efferens
vas deferens
Cirrus (surrounded by cirrus sac)
Genital sinus

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32
Q

True tapeworms Cirrus

A

Single lateral

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33
Q

Pseudotapeworms

A

Central genital

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34
Q

Female Reproductive Organs

A

Bilobed ovary
Ootype
Vitelline gland (compact in cyclophyllideans and follicular in pseudophyllideans; much reduced than flukes)
Oviduct which receive the receptaculum seminis
Vagina
Uterus arises from the ootype
Uterus opens distally via a uterine pore or blindly
Common genital pore usually opens on the lateral side

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35
Q

Ootype of a female reproductive organ is surrounded by?

A

Mehli’s glands

36
Q

Vitelline gland of Cyclophyllideans

37
Q

Vitelline gland of Pseudophyllideans

A

Follicular

38
Q

Structures that develop once the uterus disappears by degeneration

A

Paruterine organs

39
Q

It assumes the function of the uterus e.g. hyaline egg capsules and dense areas of fibromuscular tissue

A

Paruterine organs

40
Q

Eggs of the tapeworms are shed from the ____ and passed out with the faeces.

41
Q

Disintegrated eggs may fall into single eggs, give an example

A

Taenia sp.

42
Q

Isolated pieces of uterus (paruterine organs) containing egg packets (give examples) or capsules (cocoons) each with 8-30 eggs (give example).

A

Mesocestoides, Davainea, Avitellina spp.
Dipylidium sp.

43
Q

Egg shedding of Cyclophyllidea

A

Eggs are fertilized → reproductive and other internal organs degenerate → proglottids are detached (singly or in chains) → disintegration of gravid proglottids eggs are set free via the thysanus (apolysis)

44
Q

disintegration of gravid proglottids eggs are set free via what?

A

thysanus (apolysis)

45
Q

Egg shedding of Pseudophyllidea

A

Fertilized eggs are continuously discharged through the uterine pore → egg production ceases → exhausted proglottids are detached from the strobila (pseudoapolysis)

46
Q

Cestode Eggs general characteristics

A
  1. May be embryonated or non-embryonated.
  2. A fully embryonated egg contains an oncosphere
47
Q

It is a hexacanth embryo with 3 hook pairs found at the center of a fully developed cestode egg

A

oncosphere

48
Q

It is the stage infective to the 1st intermediate host

A

oncosphere or hexacanth embryo

49
Q

It has 6 hooksb(3 pairs) or lines inside

A

Hexacanth enbryo

50
Q

4 embryonic envelops of typical oncosphere

A

egg capsule/shell
outer membrane
embryophore
oncospheral membrane

51
Q

Egg hatchings of tapeworms depends on what?

A

Environmental stimulus - light in Diphyllobothrium latum
Mechanical action -Anocephala
Digestive enzymes of host - Taenia
Combination of mechanical and action of digestive enzymes

52
Q

Example of Environmental stimulus

53
Q

Species that are hatched due to Environmental stimuli like light

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

54
Q

Species that are hatched due to Mechanical action

A

Anocephala

55
Q

Species that are hatched due to Digestive enzymes of host

56
Q

Types of Egg Formation

A
  1. Egg capsule
  2. Egg pouches
57
Q

Eggs are covered or protected with material derived from the uterus

A

Egg capsule

58
Q

Eggs are covered with materials derived from the parenchyma

A

Egg pouches

59
Q

Egg pouches eggs are derived from the?

A

parenchyma

60
Q

Egg capsules are derived from the?

61
Q

the infective larval form of tapeworms

A

Metacestode

62
Q

Types of Metacestodes

A
  1. Procercoid
  2. Plerocercoid
  3. Tetrathyridium
  4. Cysticercoid
  5. Cysticercus
  6. Strobilocercus
  7. Coenurus
  8. Hydatid
63
Q

first metacestode stage of Pseudophyliids

A

Procercoid

64
Q

solid-bodied with hooks on the cercomer in the posterior region

A

Procercoid

65
Q

follows a procercoid; occurs in the second intermediate host of of Pseudophyllids, elongate, solid-bodied and bears an adult scolex

A

Plerocercoid

66
Q

found only in Mesocesotoidea

A

Tetrathyridium

67
Q

worm-like, solid larva with deeply invaginated scolex

A

Tetrathyridium

68
Q

single evaginated scolex embedded in a small solid cyst, found in small intermediate host such as arthropods

A

Cysticercoid

69
Q

Most common type of metacestodes

A

Cysticercoid

70
Q

single scolex invaginated into itself in a large, fluid- containing vesicle or bladder

A

Cysticercus

71
Q

single scolex evaginated and it attached to the cyst by a chain of asexual proglottids (resembling a juvenile strobila) which are digested away after ingestion by the final host leaving only the scolex

A

Strobilocercus

72
Q

large, fluid-containing bladder lined with a germinal epithelium producing a number of invaginated scolices by budding which remains attached to the wall

73
Q

large, fluid-containing cyst with a laminated cuticular wall lined with a parenchymal inner layer producing many invaginated protoscolices which lies free or in bunches (brood capsules)

74
Q

many scolex but free

75
Q

Cotyloda (Pseudophyllidea) general characteristics

A
  • Vary from few mm to 10 meters or more in length
  • With 2 deep grooves instead of suckers called bothria (dorsal and ventral)
  • Hooks are absent
  • Each segment has usually one set of reproductive organs
  • With numerous testes
  • With scattered vitellaria
  • Bilobed ovary
  • “uterine pore” is present
  • eggs are operculated and unembryonated when laid
76
Q

deep grooves instead of suckers

77
Q

CN of metacestodes

A

Bladder Worms

78
Q

Plerocercoid also known as?

79
Q

Species with procercoid as its infective stage

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

80
Q

Species with tetrathyridium as its infective stage

A

Mesocestoides lineatus

81
Q

Species with cysticercoid as its infective stage

A

Dipylidium caninum

82
Q

Species with cysticercus as its infective Stage

A

Taena saginata “beef tapeworm”

83
Q

Species with strobilocercus as its infective stage

A

Taenia taeniaeformis

84
Q

Species with coenurus as its infective stage

A

Taena multiceps
Taenia serialis

85
Q

It causes true gid as it is found in the brain of sheep

86
Q

Common types of metacestodes

A

Strobilocercus
Coenurus

87
Q

CN of Hydatid

A

Echinococcus cyt / Hydatid cyst

(4) HELMINTH (16 decks)

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