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Parasitology > Nematodes > Flashcards

Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Life cycle of nematodes

A

Egg stage >Larval stage>Adult stage

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2
Q

Nematodes that are aphasmids

A

TCT
Trichuris
Capillaria
Trichinella

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3
Q

Nematodes with caudal chemoreceptors

A

Hookworm
S. Stercoralis
W. Bancrofti
B. Malayi

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4
Q

Cephalic chemoreceptors

A

Amphid

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5
Q

Caudal chemoreceptor

A

Phasmid

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6
Q

Lays eggs in unsegmented stage (unembryonated)

A

Oviparous

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7
Q

Lays eggs in segmented stage (embryonated)

A

Ovoviviparous/ oviviparous

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8
Q

Frequent nematode

A

EAT
Enterobius
Ascaris
Trichuris

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9
Q

Nematodes in small intestines

A

CASH
Capillaria
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Hookworm

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10
Q

Nematodes in large intestines

A

ET
Enterobius
Trichuris

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11
Q

Nematodes that migrate from heart to lung

A

ASH
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Hookworm

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12
Q

Nematode in lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues

A

Filarial worms

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13
Q

Nematode in muscles

A

T. Spiralis

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14
Q

Nematode in meninges

A

A. Cantonensis

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15
Q

Visceral larva migrans

A

T. Canis and T. Cati

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16
Q

Unholy 3/ Triad of Infection

A

Hiokworm
Ascaris
Trichuris

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17
Q

Buccal cavity of adult ascaris

A

Triangular, trilobate lips

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18
Q

MOT of Ascaris

A

Ingestion

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19
Q

Symptoms and Pathology of Ascaris

A

Larval migration: Eosinophilia
Erratic leads to Extraintestinal sites
Intestinal perforation

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20
Q

Diagnostic stage of ascaris

A

Egg

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21
Q

Indication of negative stool exam in ascaris

A

No infection
Early infection
All male worm infection

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22
Q

Characteristics of E. Vermicularis

A

Autoinfection
External autoinfection

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23
Q

Egg characteristics of E. Vermicularis

A

Elongated, flattened in 1 side. D shape

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24
Q

Adult characteristic of enterobius

A

With lateral wings or cephalic alae

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25
Q

MOT of E. Vermicularis

A

Ingestion

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26
Q

Symptoms and pathology of E. Vermicularis

A

Mother’s complex:
Pruritis ani
Lack of sleep
Extraintestinal enterobiasis

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27
Q

Lab diagnosis of enterobius

A

Scotch tape swab

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28
Q

T. Trichiura causes

A

Trichocephaliasis

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29
Q

Egg characteristic of trichuris

A

Barrel shaped with bipolar mucus plug. Resembles Japanese lantern

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30
Q

Adult characteristics of trichuris

A

Slender or attenuated in the anterior. Resembles a whip

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31
Q

MOT of trichuris

A

Ingestion

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32
Q

Symptoms and pathology of trichuris

A

Rectal prolapse (heavy infection)

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33
Q

Lab diagnosis and DS of trichuris

A

Stool exam: Egg

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34
Q

C. Philippinensis causes what dxs

A

Pudoc disease or mystery disease

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35
Q

Egg characteristics of capillaria

A

W/ bipolar mucus plugs that are not asa protruded as trichuris egg. Guitar, peanut-shaped

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36
Q

Adult characteristics of capillaria: male and female

A

Male: w/ chitinized spicuke (spicule sheath)
Female: have eggs in utero

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37
Q

MOT of capillaria

A

Ingestion of freshwater fishes

38
Q

Intermediate host of capillaria

A

Freshwater fishes:
Hypselotris bipartite
Birot
Bagsang
Bagtu

39
Q

Symptoms and pahtology of capillaria

A

Malabsorption
Borborygmi
LBM alternating w/ condtipation

40
Q

Lab diagnosis and diagnostic stage of capillaria

A

Stool exam: egg

41
Q

Agent of laziness in poor white population and tropical anemia in Puerto Rico

A

Hookworm

42
Q

Egg char. of hookworm

A

Ovoidal, thin shelled colorless

43
Q

Adult char. of N. Americanus

A

S-shaped with semilunar cutting plates

44
Q

Adult char. of A. Duodenale

A

C-shaped, with 2 pairs of teeth

45
Q

MOT of Hookworm

A

Skin penetration

46
Q

Symptoms and pathology of Hookworm

A

Mazza Mora/ Water sore or ground itch
Severe itching/ allergic reaction at the site of skin penetration
IDA
Cutaneous larva migrans (Creeping eruption)

47
Q

Lab diagnosis of hookworm

A

Stool exam
Harada Mori culture
Baermann funnel technique

48
Q

Causes Cochin-China diarrhea

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

49
Q

MOT of S. Stercoralis

A

Skin penetration

50
Q

Symptoms and pathology of Strongyloides

A

Skin: Allergic reaction
Larval migration: pneumonia
Intestines: abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting

51
Q

Requires 2 host to complete its life cycle.
Propagated by black and brown rats

A

Trichinella spiralis

52
Q

Adult characteristics of T. Spiralis: male and female

A

Male: w/ conical papillae
Female: w/ club-shaped uterus

53
Q

MOT of T. Spiralis

A

Ingestion if meat

54
Q

Symptoms and pathology of T. Spiralis: Larva and Adult

A

Larva: muscle can cause edema, muscle pain, difficulty in breathing and swallowing
Adult: intestine can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea

55
Q

Lab diagnosis of T. Spiralis

A

Muscle biopsy (DS: Encysted larva)
Immunotest: Bentonite flocculation, Intradermal test
Xenodiagnostic tests

56
Q

Lab diagnosis of filarial worm

A

Knott’s technique

57
Q

Habitat of W. Bancrofti

A

Lymphatics

58
Q

Vector of W. Bancrofti

A

Aedes and Anopheles

59
Q

Habitat of B. Malayi

A

Lymphatics

60
Q

Vector of B. Malayi

A

Mansonia

61
Q

Characteristics if microfilaria of W. Bancrofti

A

Sheathed, nuclei absent in tail

62
Q

Characteristic of Microfilaria of B. Malayi

A

Sheathed, tail w/ 2 separate nuclei

63
Q

Periodicity of W. Bancrofti

A

Nocturnal (10pm-2am)

64
Q

Periodicity of B. Malayi

A

Subperiodic, Nocturnal

65
Q

Habitat of loa loa

A

Subcutaneous tissue

66
Q

Vector of loa loa

A

Chrysops, Tabanid (mango fly)

67
Q

Microfilaria characteristic of Loa loa

A

Sheathed, nuclei continuous up to the tip of the tail

68
Q

Periodicity of Loa loa

A

Diurnal

69
Q

Habitat of O. Volvulus

A

Subcutaneous tissue

70
Q

Vector of O. Volvulus

A

Simulium (black fly)

71
Q

Specimen of O. Volvulus

A

Skin snips/ shavings

72
Q

Microfilaria characteristic of O. Volvulus

A

Unsheathed, nuclei absent in tail

73
Q

Periodicity of O. Volvulus

A

Nonperiodic

74
Q

Habitat of Dipetaloma perstans

A

Body cavities

75
Q

Another name of Dipetaloma perstans

A

Acanthoculonema perstans

76
Q

Vector of Dipetaloma perstans

A

Cylicoides

77
Q

Micro characteristic of Dipetaloma perstans

A

Unsheathed, nuclei up to the tip of the tail

78
Q

Periodicity of Dipetaloma perstans

A

Nonperiodic

79
Q

Habitat of Mansonella ozzardi

A

Body cavities

80
Q

Vector of Mansonella ozzardi

A

Culicoides

81
Q

Microfilaria characteristic of Mansonella ozzardi

A

Unsheathed, tail is free of nuclei

82
Q

Human infection of Dirofilaria immitis

A

Solitary, peripheral nodules in the lung (coin lesions) or as subcutaneous nodule

83
Q

Longest nematode of man

A

Drancuculus medisnensis

84
Q

Intermediate host of D. Medinensis

A

Cyclops (copepods)

85
Q

MOT of D. Medinensis

A

Ingestion of crustaceans

86
Q

Causes human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

87
Q

Intermediate host of A. Cantonensis

A

Mollusks:
Achatina fulica
Japanese snail
Pila luzonica
Brotia asperata

88
Q

Definitive host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

Rats

89
Q

Adult characteristics of female Angiostrongylus cantonensis

A

“Barber’s pole appearance”
Looking of whitish uterus to red digestive tract

90
Q

Causes Herring’s disease

A

Anisakis

91
Q

MOT of Anisakis

A

Ingestion of raw fish

Parasitology (5 decks)

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