Nematode Infections

Question 1

What are Geohelminths

Answer 1

Soil transmitted helminths, intestinal nematodes in which part of the development takes place outside the body
Contact with parasite eggs

Question 2

What is the definition of infestation

Answer 2

parasitic diseases caused by ectoparasites

Question 3

Enterobus vermicularis

1) what is it otherwise known as
2) Describe the life cycle
3) Symptoms
4) How is it diagnosed
5) Hows is it treated

Answer 3

1) Pinworm or Threadworm
2) embryonate eggs ingested by human, hatch in small intestine, adults in lumen of cecum migrate to perianal region at night to lay eggs, eggs found on perianal fold
3) pruritus ani, vulvitis, insomnia, NO ANAEMIA OR IMMUNE RESPONSE
4) Copromicroscopical examination
5) Mebendazole

Question 4

Teichuris trichuria

1) Where does it reside?
2) Describe the life cycle
3) How is it diagnosed
4) Symptoms
5) Treatment

Answer 4

1) caecum, remains attached to epithelium
2) eggs in faeces, 2-cell stage, advanced cleavage, embryonate eggs ingested, larvae hatch in caecum
3) Stool examination (Kato-Katz) egg counts, FLOTAC
4) none, rectal prolapse, anaemia, growth problems, cognitive development
5) Albendazole (not UK) and mebendazole

Question 5

What is Trichuris dysentry

Answer 5

Heavy infections, can resemble dysentry

Question 6

Ascaris Lumbricoides

1) What is it otherwise known as?
2) What do the stages of eggs look like?
3) What is diagnosis?
4) What is classed as a heavy infection
5) Symptoms
6) Treatment

Answer 6

1) Roundworm
2) immature, sticky outer layer
3) copromicroscopic, Kato-Katz, FLOTAC
4) >50000 eggs per gram
5) Pneumonia, asthma, (loffler-syndrome) sometimes found in stool, may migrate to brain, eyes. can cause intestinal obstruction or intussusception
6) Albendazole, Mebendazole, Levamisole