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NEISSERIACEAE Flashcards

1
Q

It is an acute pyogenic infection of non-ciliated columnar and
transitional epithelium; infection can be established at any site where
these cells are found

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

The first use of the term gonorrhea, meaning a “______”, was in
the second century when the urethral discharge was mistaken for
semen

A

flow of seed

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3
Q

Gonorrhea was also called “_____” from the French word clapoir
meaning “_______.”

A

the clap; brothel

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4
Q

True or false:

  1. Localized infections of N. gonorrhoeae may be asymptomatic or acute with NO pronounced
    purulent response.
  2. Disseminated diseases: gonococcal arthritis, endocarditis, and
    meningitis.
A

1st statement false - it has purulent (pus) response

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5
Q

it is a gonococcal eye
infection, during vaginal delivery through an infected birth canal.

A

Ophthalmia neonatorium

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6
Q

Men with N.gonorrhoeae–acute urethritis, usually manifest what 2 symptoms?

A
  • purulent discharge
  • dysuria (painful urination)
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7
Q

Asymptomatic percentage in:
1. Men: __
2. Women: __

A
  1. Men: 10% of cases are
    asymptomatic
  2. Women: 50% of cases in women may be asymptomatic leading to complications
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8
Q

What is the most common site of N.gonorrhoeae in women?

A

endocervix

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9
Q

Perihepatitis is one of complications in women with N.gonorrhoeae, what iid the other term for this syndrome?

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

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10
Q

Can you recover N. gonorrhoeae in blood cultures? Why or why not?

A

No, because blood culture media have SPS (this stops the infection from growing)

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11
Q

When you grow N.gonorrhoeae in blood cultures, what can you add to neutralize the effect of the anticoagulant?

A

Add Gelatin (0.025%)

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12
Q

How does N. gonorrhoeae obtain iron in the human body?

A

by using receptors to bind human transferrin and steal iron

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13
Q

Which outer membrane protein protects N. gonorrhoeae from 1nflammation?

A

Protein I (PorB)

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14
Q

Which outer membrane protein helps N. gonorrhoeae Attach to host cells?

A

Protein II (OpA)

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15
Q

Which protein helps N. gonorrhoeae avoid/block being targeted by IgG antibodies?

A

Protein III (Rmp) blocks IgG antibodies,

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16
Q

What structure helps N. gonorrhoeae attach to host cells?

A

Pili

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17
Q

What structure protects N. gonorrhoeae from phagocytosis?

A

capsule

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18
Q

Which virulence factor of N. gonorrhoeae causes tissue damage and inflammation?

A

Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin

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19
Q

How does N. gonorrhoeae evade the mucosal immune response?

A

IgA protease cleaves IgA antibodies on mucosal surfaces, weakening immune defense.

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20
Q

What tissue types are virulent and harmful to humans?

A

T1-T2

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21
Q

What tissue types are avirulent and has no pili?

A

T3, T4, T5

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22
Q

is a leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis in children and
adults and exclusively infects humans

A

N. meningitidis

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23
Q

How many serogroups does N.meningitidis have?

A

8 (A,B,C,X,Y,Z,W135 and L)

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24
Q

Serogroups in meningitidis:
1. Serogroup responsible for pandemic outbreaks?
2. Serogroups commonly causing community-acquired meningitis?
3. Serogroup linked to pneumonia, especially in older adults?
4. Serogroup causing highly invasive infections like meningococcemia and septic arthritis?
5. Emerging serogroup in Africa’s meningitis belt?
6. Rare serogroup reported in Africa and Europe?
7. Very rare serogroup with limited data?

A
  1. A
  2. B, C
  3. Y
  4. W135
  5. X
  6. Z
  7. L
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25
True or false: 1. N. gonorrhoeae adhere to the nasopharyngeal mucosa, leading to colonization 2. N. meningitidis gain access to the bloodstream and potentially the central nervous system, resulting in meningitis, sepsis, or both.
1st statement false, N.meningitidis is the correct bacteria
26
hemorrhaging of blood into skin and mucous membranes, producing bruises, found in N.menigitidis
Purpura
27
pinpoint red spots caused by hemorrhage, found in N.meningitidis
Petechial skin rash
28
In some cases of N. meningitidis, the disease spreads rapidly, causing disseminated intravascular coagulation, septic shock, or hemorrhage in the adrenal glands called?
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
29
How fast can death occur in N.meningitidis?
12-48 hours
30
This disease is characterized by an abrupt onset of frontal headache, stiff neck (nuchal rigidity), confusion, and photophobia
Meningitidis
31
what is the fatality rate of meningitidis? Plus, an additional __ to __ have serious sequelae, such as neurologic complications or seizures.
10% to 15%; 10% to 20%
32
this bacteria belongs to the family Moraxellaceae
M. catarrhalis
33
isolated only from **humans**, is a commensal of the **upper respiratory tract** and an **opportunistic pathogen**
M.catrrhalis
34
True or false: 1. M.catarrhalis is found in **upper respiratory tract** 2. M.catarrhalis can also cause **lower respiratory** infections, especially in adults with **chronic obstructive pulmonary disease**
Both are true
35
What has been reported as the **third most common cause of acute otitis media** and sinusitis in children?
Moraxella catarrhalis
36
What does M.catarrhalis produce, making them resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin?
β-lactamase
37
What are the treatments for ophthalmia neonatorium?
1. 0.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment (single dose recommended) 2. Silver nitrate (harmful)
38
serotypes that most commonly cause systemic disease
A, B, C, W135, and Y
39
What are the 7 commensal neisseria species?
1. N.cinerea 2. N. lactamica 3. N. mucosa 4. N. sicca 5. N. subflava 6. N. elongata 7. N. weaveri
40
This commensal neisseria is misidentified as N.gonorrhoeae. **Colistin** is the test to differentiate them from each other.
N.cinerea
41
commonly found in the nasopharynx of infants and children, that uses **lactose**
N. lactamica
42
isolated as a **nonpathogen** from the nasopharynx. very mucoid and documented to cause pneumonia in children
N. mucosa
43
colonies are usually dry, wrinkled, adherent, and breadcrumb-like. From latin word means "dry"
N. sicca
44
unique among the members of the genus Neisseria in that they are rod shaped
N. elongata
45
normal oral microbiota in dogs and can be found in humans in infections following dog bites
N.weaveri
46
this term describe the colonyy because it remains intact when pushed. older colonies may also give "wagon-wheel" appearance
Hockey puck
47
How do you differentiate M.catarrhalis to Neisseria?
Positive Dnase and Butyrate esterase reactions
48
True opr false: Pharyngeal specimens should not be Gram stained, because nonpathogenic, commensal Neisseria spp. may be present
True
49
What is the media of choice for N.menigitidis and M.catarrhalis?
Tripticase Soy Agar with 5% sheep blood
50
What are the preferred assays for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens because of increased sensitivity, specificity, and ability to test with a noninvasive urine specimen?
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)
51
what are the enrichment supplement of Thayer Martin medium?
Isovitalex Colistin (inhibit gram neg) Nystatin (inhibit yeast) Vancomycin (inhibit gram pos)
52
What supplement inhibit the swarming of proteus spp in MTM?
trimethoprim
53
colistin inhibits?
gram negative
54
vancomycin inhibits?
gram positive
55
nystatin inhibits?
yeast
56
What is the diff between ML medium to MTM?
ML has anisomycin (antifungi) instead of nystatin, and vancomycin is increase
57
lincomycin inhibits?
gram pos bacteria
58
amphotericin b inhibits?
Yeast
59
this is a clear to yellow medium containing lysed horse blood, plasma, yeast dialysate, same antimicrobials as MTM.
NYC medium
60
Agar plates should be JEMBEC incubated for how many hours in CO2 enriched?
72 hours
61
62
how to differentiate lactaamica to meningitidis?
lactamica: ONPG positive meningitid: ONPG negative
63
Who is positive for superoxol (30% H2O2) test?
N.gonorrhoeae

BACTE MIDTERMS (4 decks)

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