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Quiz 2 - Microbiology > Neisseria > Flashcards

Neisseria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of Neisseria and what do they each cause?

A

Neisseria meningitidis causes meningococcal meningitis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea

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2
Q

Describe the morphology of Neisseria. What is unique about this bug?

A

Gram negative diploccoi (kidney beanzzz).

It is unique because it is the only pathogen that is a gram negative coccus

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3
Q

What are the growth requirements of neisseria?

A

Pathogenic types require blood products. 5-10% CO2 is also reqd

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4
Q

What would you grow neisseria on?

A

Thayer-martin selective medium. It has chocolate agar, vancomycin (to inhibit gram +), polymyxin E (gram negative enterics) and nystatin (antifungal)

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5
Q

Is there an animal reservoir for neisseria

A

No. Only humans.

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6
Q

Is neisseria oxidase positive or negative?

A

oxidase positive

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7
Q

What does Neisseria secrete?

A

IgA protease

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8
Q

What does Neisseria have instead of LPS?

A

LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide?)

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9
Q

How would you distinguish Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Neisseria meningitidis from Neisseria Lactamica (nonpathogenic)?

A

Gonorrhea ferments only glucose, does NOT ferment maltose, lactose or sucrose.

Meningitidis ferments glucose AND maltose

Lactamica ferments glucose, maltose, and lactose

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10
Q

Meningococcus: What will it cause?

A

Severe CNS infection or septicemia

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11
Q

Meningococcus: Where do these cells multiply?

A

Outside of cells, but can be seen inside phagocytes

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12
Q

Where does meningococcus first colonize?

A

Nasopharynx

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13
Q

Does meningococcus have a capsule?

A

Yes. Gives rise to smooth colonies and common serogroups A, B, and C

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14
Q

What is the incubation period for meningitis?

A

days and up to a week

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15
Q

Which individuals are most at risk for neisseria meningitiditis?

A

Children under 5, with a large peak in children under 1 year of age

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16
Q

What is the waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome?

A

Rare adrenal failure resulting from meningitis

17
Q

How would you diagnose N meningitidis?

A

Symptoms: Upper respiratory infection followed by meningitis. Petechiae. culture. Latex agglutination for capsule antigen in CSF

18
Q

How would you treat N meningitidis?

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd generation)
Penicillin
Cipro
Rifampin

19
Q

Is there a vaccine for N Meningitidis?

A

Yes. GRPS A, C, Y, W-135

20
Q

What causes meningitis in children under 2 months?

A

E coli K1

21
Q

What causes meningitis in children under 5 years?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

22
Q

Which type of bacterial meningitis affects individuals between 2 months-34 years?

A

Neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, listeria monocytogenes

23
Q

What does N. meningitidis grow on?

A

Chocolate agar and blood agar

24
Q

How would you distinguish N meningitidis and S pneumoniae?

A

N. meningitidis is gram negative while S pneumoniae is gram positive. Both are diplococci which grow on CAP and BAP

25
Q

Does N gonococcus have a capsule?

A

No.

26
Q

Is the endotoxin released by N gonococcus significant?

A

No.

27
Q

How would you diagnose gonococcus?

A

visualize in gram stain of pus

28
Q

What is caused by disseminated gonococcus?

A

arthritis-dermatitis syndrome and pelvic inflammatory disease

29
Q

Are N gonococcus intracellular or extracellular?

A

Intracellular gram negative diplococci. This is the key to a positive diagnosis

30
Q

If gonorrhea is passed to the infant from the mother, where will the infection be localized?

A

Usually to the conjunctiva. Could also cause pneumonia

31
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of gonococcal infection

A
  1. gonococcus attaches to epithelial cell using pili
  2. Endocytosis into epithelial cell
  3. Intracellular multiplication. Crowding can cause expulsion of ciliated cells from mucosa during infection
  4. Exocytosis into the tissue
32
Q

What kind of gonococci do neisseria gonorrheae have?

A

Type 4 pili, but there are many antigenic variants of this

33
Q

Describe the difference between phase variation and antigenic variation?

A

Phase variation= On or Off switch. Antigenic variation= A number of antigens could be expressed.

34
Q

How would you diagnose N gonorrhoeae?

A

Clinical history + gram stain + culture for oxidase positivity/growth on media

35
Q

How would you treat gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone

36
Q

Are there any vaccines for gonorrhea?

A

No. Because there is a lot of antigenic variation

Quiz 2 - Microbiology (6 decks)

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