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Quiz 2 - Microbiology > Gram negative opportunistic infections > Flashcards

Gram negative opportunistic infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are nosocomial infections?

A

Hospital acquired opportunistic infections

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2
Q

Which pathogens are innately resistant to antimicrobials?

A

Pseudonomas and acinetobacter baumanii

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3
Q

What can E coli cause?

A
  1. GI infections (Only specialized pathogenic strains)
  2. UTIs (commensal E coli)
  3. Bacteremia (commensal E. Coli)
  4. Meningitis (commensal E.Coli)
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4
Q

What concentration is indicative of a bacteriurial infection?

A

10^5 bacteria/ml

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5
Q

What is cystitis?

A

inflammation of the bladder causing dysuria

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6
Q

What is acute pylenophritis?

A

urinary tract infection that has reached the kidney. Results in flank pain, fever, and dysuria

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7
Q

What is the important adhesin in E Coli?

A

P Pili, which can cause pyelonephritis

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of nonhospital acquired UTIs?

A

E coli

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9
Q

What do P pili bind to?

A

Gal Gal moiety on human P blood group

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10
Q

If individuals have P1 vs. P2 blood groups, what are they predisposed to developing?

A

P1 individuals are more likely to develop E Coli UTIs and pyelonephritis

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11
Q

Significance of mannosides in uropathogenic E Coli?

A

UTI E Coli can bind mannosides on uroepithlial cells. This binding is blocked by mannose.

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12
Q

What does mannose sensitive hemagglutination tell you?

A

Whether organism expresses mannose sensitive pili. If they do, they will be sensitive to inhibition by mannose and will NOT agglutinate

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13
Q

What is the major cause of bacteremia?

A

E. Coli

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14
Q

How does E Coli protect itself from serum when causing bacteremia?

A

Produces K1 capsule, with polysialic acid. This prevents complement binding.

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15
Q

How can E Coli cause meningitis?

A

During delivery, can be transferred to neonates. Crosses blood brain barrier and survive in the CSF.

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16
Q

What is the most important antigen in the pathogenesis of E Coli meningitis?

A

Siderophores

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17
Q

What are the acute infections caused by pseudomonas?

A

burns, eye, wounds, catheters, implants, pneumonia, bacteremia in compromised patients

18
Q

What is associated with chronic infections of CF patients?

A

Pseudomonas

19
Q

What is produced in chronic Pseudomonas infections?

A

Alginate slime capsule

20
Q

What toxins Pseudomonas produce?

A

LPS
elastases, phospholipases
T3SS exotoxins

21
Q

Name the T3SS exotoxins secreted by pseudomonas and what each does.

A

ExoA: inhibits protein synthesis
ExoS and ExoT: Exoenzymes that modify host cell regulatory proteins
ExoU: Phospholipase activity within host cell

22
Q

What characteristic pigment-producing toxin does pseudomonas produce?

A

Pyocyanin: generates reactive oxygen species

23
Q

In what metabolic category is pseudomonas?

A

Obligate aerobe. Although it can also use other substances as electron acceptors to perform metabolic respiration.

24
Q

What can klebsiella pneumoniae cause?

A

Primary pneumonia
Red current jelly sputum
UTI
BACTEREMIA AND MENINGITIS

25
Q

What is the main virulence factor in Klebsiella?

A

Capsule

26
Q

Which opportunistic gram negative pathogens are part of the normal gut flora?

A

Enterobacter cloacae and E Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

27
Q

What can enterobacter cloacae infect?

A

Pneumonia, UTI

28
Q

What is characteristic of the serratia marcesens?

A

bright red/orange color. Often found on shower heads

29
Q

What are the virulence determinants of seratia marcesens?

A

proteases, siderophores, flagellar motility

30
Q

What do Proteus vulgaris and proteus mirabilis cause, pathologically?

A

UTIs

31
Q

What are the virulence determinants of proteus’?

A

flagella, urease production, which converts urea back to ammonia and an alkaline urine

32
Q

What is acinetobacterbaumanii cause, pathologically?

A

infection of medical devices, wounds, lungs

33
Q

Does acinetobacter baumanii ferment?

A

no

34
Q

Name the gram negative opportunistic pathogens

A

E Coli, P aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcesens, proteus vulgaris and mirabilis, acinetobacter spp

35
Q

Which of the gram negative opportunistics are facultative anaerobes?

A

E coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis

36
Q

Which of the gram negative opportunistics is a nonfermenter?

A

acinetobacter baumanii and pseudomonas

37
Q

Which of the gram negative opportunistics are lactose fermenting?

A

E coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, enterobacter cloacae

38
Q

Explain what it means if the butt of the kliegler slant turns yellow and what it means if the slant of the kliegler slant turns yellow

A

If the butt turns yellow, it means that the bug is a glucose fermenter. If the slant turns yellow, it means that the bug is a lactose fermenter

39
Q

You run a klieger slant and get the following results:

  1. Butt is yellow
  2. Slant is red
  3. No gas
  4. No H2S production

What pathogen do you suspect?

A

Shigella or serratia. Because it is a glucose fermenter, does not produce gas OR H2S.

40
Q

The results of a kliegler slant shows the following:

  1. butt yellow
  2. slant is red
  3. gas is produced
  4. H2S is produced

What pathogens would you suspect?

A

Salmonella or proteus

41
Q

You observe the following kliegler slant:

  1. Yellow butt
  2. yellow slant
  3. Gas production
  4. No H2S production

Which pathogens would you suspect?

A

E. Coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella

42
Q

You observe a kliegler slant with the following:

  1. Red butt
  2. Red slant
  3. No gas
  4. No H2S
A

pseudomonas

Quiz 2 - Microbiology (6 decks)

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