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Quiz 2 - Microbiology > Chlamydia and Rickettsia > Flashcards

Chlamydia and Rickettsia Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Do chlamydia and Rickettsia grow intra or extracellularly?

A

Obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens

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2
Q

Are chlamydia and rickettsia gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

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3
Q

Name the facultative intracellular bacteria:

A

Salmonella, shigella, legionella

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4
Q

What are the three types of chlamydia and what do they cause?

A

chlamydophilia psittaci=parrot fever
chlamydophilia pneumoniae=pneumonia
chlamydia trachomatis=conjunctivitis

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5
Q

Why are chlamydia and chlamydophilia obligate intracellular pathogens?

A

They cannot make ATP. They can only induce ATP synthesis in host cells

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6
Q

What are the two stages of development of chlamydia?

A

Elementary bodies and reticulate bodies

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7
Q

What are elementary bodies?

A

Small, non-replicating form of chlamydia with a rigid cell wall

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8
Q

What are reticulate bodies?

A

Form of chlamydia that are larger, actively multiplying, and do not have a cell wall. They replicate through binary fission and are NOT infectious

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9
Q

How is chlamydia psittaci contracted?

A

Inhalation of bird feces from contact with parrots, parakeets, and pigeons

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of psittacosis?

A

Fever, headache, detected in blood/sputum. Occasionally can lead to interstitial pneumonia

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11
Q

What kind of pneumoniae does C pneumoniae cause?

A

atypical pneumonia. No fever.

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12
Q

What chronic condition is C pneumoniae linked to?

A

atherosclerosis

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13
Q

What are the different serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis?

A

D-K, A-C, L1, L2, L3. Different serotypes cause different diseases.

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14
Q

What do the D-K serotypes of C trachomatis cause?

A

non-gonococcal urethritis

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15
Q

What is urethritis?

A

Irritation/inflammation of the urethra

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16
Q

What percentage of pneumonias are caused by chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

10-20%

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17
Q

What are the possible symptoms of C. trachomatis, serotypes D-K?

A
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Purulent discharge
  • Infection of epididymis or fallopian tube
  • Conjunctivitis, esp in neonates. Can spread to eye
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18
Q

How do you test for chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K

A

Rapid PCR test

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19
Q

How would you treat C. trachomatis serotypes D-K?

A

Single high dose of azithromycin

Treat both sexual partners

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of a chlamydia trachomatis infection of the eye?

A

turned-in eyelashes, swollen eyelids, discharge, cloudy cornea

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21
Q

How is chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes A,B, C) transmitted?

A

Mechanical from finger to eye or flies

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22
Q

Where is chlamydia trachomatis (A, B, C) most prevalent?

A

Africa and Asia.

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23
Q

What occurs with a chlamydia trachomatis A,B,C infection?

A

Corneal scarring from infolding of eyelashes. Trachoma is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness

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24
Q

How would you treat C. Trachoma?

A

Azithromycin

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25
Q

What do the L1, L2, and L3 serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis cause?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum. Starts with a painless papule turns into an ulcer. Sometimes progresses to disease of lymph nodes

26
Q

How do you treat chlamydia?

A

Tetracyclines. If compliance is an issue, administer a single high dose of azithromycin

27
Q

What are three methods to diagnose chlamydial infections?

A
  1. Antibody titers
  2. Fluorescent antibody assay
  3. PCR
28
Q

How is C. psittaci transmitted?

A

respiratory route

29
Q

How is C. pneumoniae transmitted?

A

respiratory route

30
Q

What is a common vector for rickettsia?

A

Arthropods

31
Q

Does rickettsia live intracellularly or extracellularly?

A

Intracellularly

32
Q

Describe the steps of pathogenesis in rickettsia

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. slow growth
  3. Lysis of cell
33
Q

Name the different types of rickettsia

A

Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia typhi
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia akari

34
Q

Describe the clincal symptoms of rickettsia prowazekii

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Rash
  3. fever
35
Q

How long is the rickettsia prowazekii incubation period?

A

10 days

36
Q

When does the rickettsia prowazekii rash show up?

A

4-7 days later

37
Q

What is the mode of transmission for RIckettsia prowazekii and typhi transmission?

A

Body lice. Can also be harbored in squirrels

38
Q

Typhus includes what types of rickettsia?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii and typhi

39
Q

How do you treat typhus?

A

tetracyclines

40
Q

How do you diagnose typhus?

A

PCR, antigen testing, elevated liver fxn tests

41
Q

What happens with R prowazekii resurfaces? What disease results?

A

Brill-Zinsser disease

42
Q

What are the symptoms of brill zinsser disease?

A

Similar to primary typhus (headache, rash, elevated liver enzymes

43
Q

What does rickettsia typhi cause?

A

Endemic murine typhus. Usually milder disease.

44
Q

What are the typical hosts for rickettsia typhi?

A

rats and ground squirrels

45
Q

What does rickettsia rickettsii cause?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

46
Q

What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

fever, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting.

Rash on hands/feet, spreading to trunk

47
Q

What type of life cycle does R. Rickettsii have? Describe it.

A

Trans ovarian transmission cycle

  • Infected tick lays eggs in adult
  • Adult harbors infected larvae
  • Infected larvae attach to rodent host
  • Larvae mature to nymphs then adult tick
  • Adult tick jumps on human host
  • cycle repeats
48
Q

What symptoms does Rickettsia akari cause?

A

Rickettsial pox. Primary skin lesion at site of bite then systemic disease. Chicken pox-like rash

49
Q

What is the mode of transmission for rickettsial pox?

A

Mouse mites

50
Q

How would you diagnose rickettsial diseases?

A

PCR test

Immunohistologic detection

51
Q

How would you treat rickettsial diseases?

A

Tetracycline

52
Q

What does coxiella burnetii cause?

A

Q fever

53
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Q fever?

A

inhalation of C. burnetii from placental tissue of carcasses

54
Q

What are the other vectors of Coxiella burnetii?

A

sheep, goats, cows, cats, ticks

55
Q

What are the symptoms of Q fever?

A 
Interstitial pneumonia
Fever
Headache
Elevated liver function tests
If there is progression, leads to chronic disease
56
Q

How can you diagnose Q fever?

A

Serology testing for coxiella burnetii
Immunofluorescence assay
Immunohistochemical staining and DNA detection

57
Q

How do you treat Q fever?

A

Doxycycline

Quinolone antibiotics

58
Q

What is the disease transmission of ehrlichioses?

A

Ticks

59
Q

Is ehrlichiosis an intracellular or extracellular pathogen?

A

OBLIGATE intracellular pathogen

60
Q

What are the two types of ehrlichiosis?

A

Monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis

61
Q

What are the symptoms of ehrlichioses?

A

Fever, lymphocytopenia, elevated liver function tests

62
Q

How do you treat ehrlichioses?

A

Tetracycline

Quiz 2 - Microbiology (6 decks)

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