Negatives of collectivisation Flashcards
Kolkhoz ____ paid.
At the end of each year, profits were ____ up between the farmers.
Paid by ‘____
Kolkhoz not paid.
At the end of each year, profits were divided up between the farmers.
Paid by ‘workdays’
MTS stations generally disliked:
- Make sure ____ supplied
- Root out any ____-____ elements
MTS stations generally disliked:
- Make sure quotas supplied
- Root out any anti-Soviet elements
By late February 19__, peasants were resisting collectivisation:
- Not providing food for ____ - ____ animals and eating or selling the meat
- Not ____ their food
- Poorer peasants wrote letters ____ kulaks - unwilling to break ____ ties, didn’t want to get rid of more ____ peasants
- Rioting (one lasted ____ days and needed ____ vehicles brought in) and ____ resistence
- Burned ____, ____, and ____
- Women’s revolts - stopping grain ____ and retrieving collectivised ____
By late February 1930, peasants were resisting collectivisation:
- Not providing food for quotas - slaughtered animals and eating or selling the meat
- Not marketing their food
- Poorer peasants wrote letters defending kulaks - unwilling to break community ties, didn’t want to get rid of more productive peasants
- Rioting (one lasted five days and needed armoured vehicles brought in) and armed resistence
- Burned crops, tools, and houses
- Women’s revolts - stopping grain requisitioning and retrieving collectivised horses
Kulaks accused of ‘____’ grain
Kulaks accused of ‘hoarding’ grain
The peasants could no longer use Green Army tactics as Stalin had ____ ____ over them e.g. the ____
The peasants could no longer use Green Army tactics as Stalin had repressive power over them e.g. the NKVD
In M____ 19__, Stalin had to backtrack with collectivisation, saying that his troops were ‘____ with ____’
In reality, the government had ____ ____ over the komsomols.
They were young, ____, and ____ - they ____ with each other to get most households into collectives.
In March 1930, Stalin had to backtrack with collectivisation, saying that his troops were ‘dizzy with success’
In reality, the government had little control over the komsomols.
They were young, ferocious, and militant - they competed with each other to get most households into collectives.
There was a ____ in grain production by the end of 19__ after collectivisation was renewed.
This was because of the chaos of collectivisation:
- Komsomols lacked ____ knowledge and ____ skills
- Not enough animals to ____ ____, as they had been ____
- Not enough ____ to fill gaps
- Lack of ____
- Lack of knowledge of machinery ____
- ALSO a ____ over a large area of the USSR during 19__
There was a drop in grain production by the end of 1931 after collectivisation was renewed.
This was because of the chaos of collectivisation:
- Komsomols lacked agricultural knowledge and farming skills
- Not enough animals to pull ploughs, as they had been eaten
- Not enough tractors to fill gaps
- Lack of fertilisers
- Lack of knowledge of machinery upkeep
- ALSO a drought over a large area of the USSR during 19__
It’s difficult to put a figure on how many died during collectivisation because the famine was largely ____ by the regime:
- Did not want to acknowledge ____
- Seen as way of breaking peasant ____, so did not ____ about high numbers
There was high ____ in Ukraine.
This led to brutal requisitioning ____ condemning ____ of ____ to starvation.
Stories of ‘____ ____’ put where starving could not reach.
_.__ million tons of grain exported in 19__ while the famine raged, and only a little less the next year.
There was high resistance in Ukraine.
This led to brutal requisitioning gangs condemning hundreds of thousands to starvation.
Stories of ‘grain dumps’ put where starving could not reach.
1.75 million tons of grain exported in 1932 while the famine raged, and only a little less the next year.
The ‘Law of Seven Eighths’ was introduced in A____ 19__.
__ prison sentence for stealing ‘____’ ____ aka non-requisitioned ____, a few ears of ____.
Later became a ____ sentence
The ‘Law of Seven Eighths’ was introduced in August 1932.
10 prison sentence for stealing ‘socialist’ property aka non-requisitioned grain, a few ears of corn.
Later became a death sentence
Between August-December 19__:
- __ year prison sentences for selling ___ and ___ before quotas filled
- ____ ____ to control fleeing to cities
Between August-December 1932:
- 10 year prison sentences for selling meat and grain before quotas filled
- Internal passports to control fleeing to cities
For all reasons gone into in this deck, the 193_-3_ famine is believed to have been ‘____-____’
Compounded by government policy to take excessive amounts of grain from ____-____ areas and ____ it ____ to pay for ____ equipment
For all reasons gone into in this deck, the 1932-34 famine is believed to have been ‘man-made’
Compounded by government policy to take excessive amounts of grain from worst-hit areas and exporting it abroad to pay for industrial equipment
Food production never developed strongly even after the end of the famine in 1934 because:
- Lack of ____ - never any ____ at the end of the year to share out
- Peasants resisted through ____, ____, and petty ____ on kolkhozes (no ____ of the state)
Food production never developed strongly even after the end of the famine in 1934 because:
- Lack of incentive - never any profits at the end of the year to share out
- Peasants resisted through apathy, neglect and petty insubordination on kolkhozes (no love of the state)
Peasants earned money through their private plots.
Private plots provided to Soviet market:
- __% vegetables
- __% fruit
- __% meat
- __% milk
- Other goods like b____, h____, and w____
Peasants earned money through their private plots.
Private plots provided to Soviet market:
- 52% vegetables
- 57% fruit
- 70% meat
- 71% milk
- Other goods like butter, honey, and wool
Peasants referred to collectivisation as a ‘second ____’:
- Tied to land they did not ____
- Needed permission of authorities to ____ land
- ____ laws could punish them if they stepped out of line
Peasants referred to collectivisation as a ‘second serfdom’:
- Tied to land they did not own
- Needed permission of authorities to leave land
- Draconian laws could punish them if they stepped out of line
