Human Impact of Khrushchev's Agricultural Policies

Question 1

What were Khrushchev’s three main motivations behind his agricultural policies?

Answer 1

1. Destalinisation - break from past and failures such as high amount of imports
2. Personal prestige
3. Altruism - peasant background

Question 2

What were Khrushchev’s 4 main agricultural policies?

Answer 2

1. Enlarging of collective farms
2. Inflation of prices through state pricing mechanism
3. Mechanisation of collectives
4. Virgin Lands Scheme

Question 3

Enlarging of collectives

Between 1950-60 there was a:

• __% decrease in Kolkhoz
• __% decrease in Sovkhoz

There was also greater ____ management

Answer 3

Enlarging of collectives

Between 1950-60 there was a:

• 64% decrease in Kolkhoz
• 85% decrease in Sovkhoz

There was also greater central management

Question 4

Successses of enlarging of collectives:

• Not like ____ of Stalin
• More collective ____

Answer 4

Successses of enlarging of collectives:

• Not like violence of Stalin
• More collective autonomy

Question 5

Faiures of enlarging collectives:

• ____ of Stalinist policy - peasants want ____ ownership!
• Reorganisation of collectives and greater control = ____ and ____ for peasants
• Just added an extra ____ of ____

Answer 5

Faiures of enlarging collectives:

• Continuation of Stalinist policy - peasants want private ownership!
• Reorganisation of collectives and greater control = unsettling and demoralising for peasants
• Just added an extra layer of beaurocracy

Question 6

Aspects of the inflation of prices:

• ____ ____ paid for produce
• There was an effort to eradicate rural ____

Answer 6

Aspects of the inflation of prices:

• Higher prices paid for produce
• There was an effort to eradicate rural poverty

Question 7

Successes of inflation of prices:

• Higher ____ of ____
• ____ prices rose
• Peasants bought more ____ goods
• ____ were created so more ____

Answer 7

Successes of inflation of prices:

• Higher standard of living
• Procurement prices rose
• Peasants bought more consumer goods
• Agrotowns were created so more housing

Question 8

Failures of inflation of prices:

• Raised standard of living ____ to Khrushchev’s ____
• No ____ ____ houses
• Still poor ____
• Amount of consumer goods not able to compete with ____
• Still rural-urban ____ ____ - continuity with Stalin
• Rural-urban unequal: ____, social ____, ____, cultural ____
• Frustrated the ____ - resented higher prices and thought ____ getting better deal

Answer 8

Failures of inflation of prices:

• Raised standard of living not to Khrushchev’s promises
• No four bedroom houses
• Still poor roads
• Amount of consumer goods not able to compete with West
• Still rural-urban income gap - continuity with Stalin
• Rural-urban unequal: pensions, social ____, ____, cultural ____
• Frustrated the ____ - resented higher prices and thought ____ getting better deal

Question 9

Key details of the mechanisation of collectives:

• 1957: _,000 MTS with _._ million employed

Khrushchev transferred ____ resources to collectives, giving more ____ making and ____ control to kolkhozes

Answer 9

Key details of the mechanisation of collectives:

• 1957: 8,000 MTS with 1.7 million employed

Khrushchev transferred MTS resources to collectives, giving more decision making and local control to kolkhozes

Question 10

Successes of Mechanisation of Collectives:

• Gave collectives control:
  
  • Got rid of ____ and ____ on peasants
  • Peasants like ____

Answer 10

Successes of Mechanisation of Collectives:

• Gave collectives control:
  
  • Got rid of pressure and spying on peasants
  • Peasants like ____ autonomy

Question 11

Failures of machnisation of collectives:

• MTS ____ stops
• ____ go to waste as peasants don’t know how to use - ____ instead of ‘allowed by all’

Answer 11

Failures of machnisation of collectives:

• MTS education stops
• Tractors go to waste as peasants don’t know how to use - abandoned instead of ‘allowed by all’

Question 12

The Virgin Lands Scheme was announced in 19__

Answer 12

The Virgin Lands Scheme was announced in 1954

Question 13

Key details of the Virgin Lands Scheme:

• Grain production was to be increased by a ____
• Using K____, S____, and lower V____
• _00,000 volunteers - like Stalin’s 192_ mobilisation of workers, only ____!

Answer 13

Key details of the Virgin Lands Scheme:

• Grain production was to be increased by a third
• Using Kazakhstan, Siberia, and lower Volga
• 500,000 volunteers - like Stalin’s 1929 mobilisation of workers, only larger!

Question 14

Successes of the Virgin Lands Scheme:

• ____ of cultivation exceeded anything the tsars could have contemplated
• Boosted production in ____-____ - in 1956 Kazakhstan produced __ million tons of grain
• Some ____ in long-term

Answer 14

Successes of the Virgin Lands Scheme:

• Scale of cultivation exceeded anything the tsars could have contemplated
• Boosted production in short-term - in 1956 Kazakhstan produced 16 million tons of grain
• Some recovery in long-term

Question 15

Failures of Virgin Lands Scheme:

• Based on ____ knowledge
• Funds diverted to scheme rather than ____ where needed most
• 19__ failure in K____ and ____ areas - enemies jumped on this
• Inadequate/ ignorant use of ____
• Soil ____
• Failure for so much spent on ____

Answer 15

Failures of Virgin Lands Scheme:

• Based on inadequate knowledge
• Funds diverted to scheme rather than transport where needed most
• 1963 failure in Khazakhstan and traditional areas - enemies jumped on this
• Inadequate/ ignorant use of fertilisers
• Soil unusable
• Failure for so much spent on infrastructure