Negative Feedback Loop

Question 1

What occurs when blood pressure is low?

Answer 1

Kidneys determine blood pressure, a decrease will then cause renin to be released

Question 2

Renin

Answer 2

An enzyme that causes angiotensin to be converted into angiotensin I, found in the kidneys

Question 3

Angiotensin I

Answer 3

IThis is then converted to angiotensin 2 by ace found in the lungs

Question 4

Angiotensin 2

Answer 4

Controls regulates aldosterone which then contributes to the retention of sodium and with water, hence creates an increased thirst, vasoconstrictions, and potassium excretion

Question 5

Adh

Answer 5

Regulates fluid volume, antideuntic hormone that decreases urine output and hold onto water, stimulated when there is an increase in blood concentration,produced in the hypothalamus posterior pituitary

Question 6

Hypovolemia

Answer 6

Dehydration
Deficit in fluid volume
from inadequate intake or excess excretion, decreased intro vascular and extracellular fluid volume which often triggers r-a-a-s to increase heartrate, constrict arteries and increase heart contractility

Question 7

Hypervolemia

Answer 7

Excess increase of fluid in the extracellular compartment. Causing a retention in sodium and water, mean arterial blood pressure which inhibits antidieretic hormone and aldosterone, which should increase sodium ad water elimination.

Question 8

Aldosterone

Answer 8

Produced in the rats negative feedback loop followed by angiotensin 2, it is meant to retain sodium and excrete potassium

Question 9

Clinical manifestations of hypovolenia

Answer 9

Thirst, dry mucous membrane, weight loss, flattered neck veins, ‘ diminished skin turgor, long capillary refill >3 seconds, decreased urine output, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure - a-l - C -

Question 10

Water intoxication

Answer 10

Hypotonic hypovolemia, decreased sodium concentration, potential causes, diuretic therapy that inhibits antidiuretic hormone

Question 11

Diuretic

Answer 11

Opposite of an antidiuretic hormone, instead makes you use the restroom, excretes sodium and water

Question 12

Dehydration: treatments

Answer 12

Lactated ringers_intraveneous with isotonic solutions of normal saline

Question 13

Treatments for water intoxication

Answer 13

Hypertonic saline solutions and loop diuretic to increase water elimination

Question 14

RAAS system purpose

Answer 14

Meant to decrease urine output, increase sodium retention and via ADH hormone and Angiotensin 2

Question 15

Complications of hypovolemia

Answer 15

Hypotension
Shock
Kidney injury
Tissue hypoxia