Need Theories

Question 1

what are needs?

Answer 1

requirements for survival and wellbeing

Question 2

need theories are….

Answer 2

theories of MOTIVATION that focus on what needs people are trying to SATISFY at work and OUTCOMES that will satisfy those needs

Question 3

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 3

proposed that all people want to satisfy 5 basic needs.

most basic need at the bottom. the lowest level of unmet needs acts as a primary motivator of behavior. once satisfied, ceases to operate as a source of motivation

physiological: basic needs. level of pay
safety: stability and security
belonginingness: social interaction
esteem: need to feel good about one’s self and capabilities. recognition
self actualization: needs to realize ones full potential

doesnt support hierarchy, or one level of needs at oen time but

shows people try to satisfy DIFFERENT needs at work

Question 4

Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Answer 4

took maslows and made 3 universal categories

when people experience frustration, unable to satisfy a need at a level, will try to satisfy needs at next lowest level

existence: basic needs and securities

Relatedness: good interpersonal relations, share thoughts and feelings

Growth: need for self development and productive work

hierachy + people can be motivated at more than one need at a time. individuals needs VARY

Question 5

McClelland’s Needs Theory (AAP)

Answer 5

Needs for Achievement: extent to strong desire to perform challenging tasks well

Needs for Affiliation : concerned with establishing and maintaing good personal relations, being liked and having people get along

Needs for Power: desires to control or influence other

Question 6

Herbergs Hygiene Theory

Answer 6

people have 2 types of needs

hygiene needs: physical and psychological content where work is performed

hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction, unsatisfied hygiene needs results in dissatisfaction

satisfied by good working conditions, pay and security.

Motivator Needs: related to the nature of work itself, challenging, responsibility, interesting

promotes satisfaction

no support for these propositions, helps focus attention on distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation