need 2 memorise

Question 1

Functional group priority

Answer 1

carboxylic acid
ester
primary amide
aldehyde
ketone
alcohol
amine
alkene
alkyne
alkane
haloalkane

Question 2

functional group prefix & suffix

Answer 2

carboxylic acid: carboxy-, -oic acid
ester: n/a, -yl -oate
primary amide: n/a, -amide
aldehyde: formyl-, -al
ketone: oxo-, -one
alcohol: hydroxy-, -ol
amine: amino-, -amine
alkene: n/a, -ene
alkyne: n/a, -yne
alkane: n/a, -ane
haloalkane: chloro-,bromo-(etc), n/a

Question 3

alkane to chloroalkane

Answer 3

alkane + (cl2, UV) –> chloroalkane + HCl

Question 4

haloalkane -> amine

Answer 4

haloalkane + (ammonia, ethanol) -> amine + HCl

Question 5

haloalkane -> alcohol

Answer 5

haloalkane + (OH-, KOH or NaOH) -> alcohol + NaCl/KCl

Question 6

alcohol -> amine

Answer 6

alcohol + (ammonia, Al2O3, 400 degrees C) -> amine + H2O

Question 7

alkene -> alkane (hydrogenation)

Answer 7

alkene + (H2, Ni catalyst, 500 degrees) -> alkane

Question 8

alkene -> di-haloalkane

Answer 8

alkene + (halogen gas eg. Br2, Cl2 etc) -> di-bromoalkane

Question 9

alkene -> chloroalkane

Answer 9

alkene (HCl, AlCl3) -> chloroalkane

Question 10

alkene -> alcohol

Answer 10

alkene + (H2O, H3PO4) -> alcohol

Question 11

partial oxidation of a primary alcohol

Answer 11

primary alcohol + (Cr2O7^2-/MnO4^-, H+) -> aldehyde

Question 12

full oxidation of a primary alcohol

Answer 12

primary alcohol + (Cr2O7^2-/MnO4^-, H+) -> carboxylic acid

Question 13

oxidation of a secondary alcohol

Answer 13

secondary alcohol + (Cr2O7^2-/MnO4^-, H+) -> ketone

Question 14

ph curves

Answer 14

sa,sb = equivalence point 7
sa,wb = equivalence point less than 7
wa,sb = equivalence point greater than 7

Question 15

effect of rinsing burette with water (unknown in titration flask)

Answer 15

overestimation - burette solution diluted so more is used
(underestimation if unknown is in burette)

Question 16

effect of rinsing pipette with water (unknown in titration flask)

Answer 16

underestimation - aliquot solution in titration flask is diluted (overestimation if unknown is in burette

Question 17

effect of water in titration flask

Answer 17

no effect

Question 18

effect of concentration of standard is lower than calculated

Answer 18

overestimated - fewer moles of standard than expected, substance analysed will appear to have higher conc

Question 19

effect of concentration of standard is higher than calculated

Answer 19

Underestimation - more moles of standard than expected, substance analysed will appear to have lower conc

Question 20

anaerobic respiration equation

Answer 20

glucose -> 2ethanol + 2CO2

Question 21

sucrose is made of

Answer 21

glucose and fructose

Question 22

maltose is made of

Answer 22

glucose and glucose

Question 23

lactose is made of

Answer 23

glucose and galactose

Question 24

mr of a polysaccharide formula

Answer 24

162n+18 (n is number of molecules)

Question 25

polysaccharides containing alpha glucose

Answer 25

starch & glycogen

Question 26

polysaccharide containing beta glucose

Answer 26

cellulose

Question 27

saturated fatty acid general formula

Answer 27

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 28

monounsaturated fatty acid general formula

Answer 28

1x C =C double bond CnH2n-1COOH

Question 29

calculation for useful E

Answer 29

useful E = E available (eg by calculation) x efficiency (as a fraction eg 26/100)

Question 30

calculation for E efficiency

Answer 30

obtained(eg as stated in question)/available(eg by calculation) x 100

Question 31

dichromate reduction half equation

Answer 31

Cr2O7(2-) + 14H(+) +6e --> 2Cr(3+) +7H2O

Question 32

permanganate reduction half equation

Answer 32

MnO4(-) + 8H(+) + 5e --> Mn(2+) + 4H2O

Question 33

Temp effect on K

Answer 33

exothermic = temp increases = K decreases endothermic = temp increases = K increases

Question 34

Oxidation lead-acid battery

Answer 34

Pb(s) + SO4(2-)(aq) --> PbSO4(s) + 2e-

Question 35

Reduction lead-acid battery

Answer 35

PbO2(s) + SO4(2-)(aq) + 4H(+)(aq) + 2e- --> PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l)