fuels and energy from fuels

Question 1

activation energy (Ea)

Answer 1

minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed

Question 2

complete combustion

Answer 2

reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

incomplete combustion

Answer 3

partial burning of a substance to produce carbon monoxide (or solid carbon) and water

Question 4

electrolyte

Answer 4

chemical compound that allows the flow of electric charge within a call

Question 5

endothermic reaction

Answer 5

chemical reaction which absorbs energy (in the form of heat) from the surrounding environment
enthalpy is +
reactants energy < products energy

Question 6

exothermic reaction

Answer 6

chemical reaction accompanied by the release of energy in the form of heat

Question 7

flash point

Answer 7

lowest temperature at which an organic compound gives off sufficient vapour to ignite in air

Question 8

non-renewable resource

Answer 8

resource than cannot be replenished as quickly as it is being consumed

Question 9

renewable resource

Answer 9

resource capable of being replenished by natural processes as quickly or faster than it is being consumed

Question 10

thermochemical equation

Answer 10

balanced stoichiometric equation that includes the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the reaction

Question 11

fuel

Answer 11

substance that is burned in air or oxygen to release a usable amount of energy

Question 12

fossil fuel

Answer 12

natural fuel that is formed in the earth from animal or plant remains (takes millions of years to be produced)

Question 13

coal

Answer 13

combustible fossil fuel formed from the partial decay of plant matter

Question 14

petrodiesel

Answer 14

liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuel obtained from crude oil

Question 15

natural gas

Answer 15

fossil fuel consisting largely of hydrocarbons eg methane

Question 16

coal seam gas

Answer 16

natural gas sourced from coal deposits

Question 17

greenhouse effect

Answer 17

process of the warming of the Earth’s lower atmosphere due to the increased quantities of (greenhouse) gases, like carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane, in the air

Question 18

non-renewable resource

Answer 18

resource that cannot be replenished as quickly as it is being consumed

Question 19

biofuel

Answer 19

fuel sourced from biomass - plant and animal matter

Question 20

biogas

Answer 20

gaseous fuel produced by the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter

Question 21

bioethanol

Answer 21

fuel produced by the fermentation of glucose in organic matter

Question 22

biodiesel

Answer 22

fuel produced by the esterification of fats and oils in organic matter

Question 23

carbon neutral

Answer 23

fuel which does not result in a net production of carbon dioxide from sourcing or consumption

Question 24

fermentation

Answer 24

breakdown of a substance in the presence of microorganisms such as yeast

Question 25

chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose to produce ethanol

Answer 25

Glucose(aq) --> 2ethanol(aq) + 2carbon dioxide(g)

Question 26

biodiesel production (equation)

Answer 26

1- triglycerides + 3methanol --> 3methyl ester + glycerol (with catalyst KOH -over arrow) 2- fatty acids + methanol --> methyl ester + water (condensation reaction)

Question 27

renewable resource

Answer 27

resource capable of being replenished by natural processes as quickly or faster than it is being consumed

Question 28

transesterification

Answer 28

reaction that produces biodiesel

Question 29

triglyceride

Answer 29

fat or oil composed of three fatty acid tails and a glycerol backbone

Question 30

types of molecules found in petrodiesel

Answer 30

long chained hydrocarbons (longer than c8) and aromatics

Question 31

types of molecules found in biodiesel

Answer 31

methyl esters from long chained fatty acids