Necturus Quiz Flashcards
how many kinds of vertebrae are there
4
cervical vertebra; atlas
cervical = neck
occipital condyles
articular surface of exoccipital bones
trunk vertebra
rib-bering vertebrae
centrum
a substantial part; forms immediately around the notochord
neural arch
arch of bone that surrounds spinal cord
neural process (spine)
midline extension of neural ach
prezygapophysis
(pre=before; zygo = 2; pophysis = projection) – a pair of projections pointing forward
postzygapophysis
a pair of projections pointing behind
transverse process
lateral projection, articulates with rib if present
sacral vertebra
a single vertebra with ribs modified to unite with the pelvis
caudal vertebra
(caudal = tail) vertebra that comprise the tail; no ribs; have hemal arch
hemal arch
(hemal = blood) the arch surrounds caudal artery and vein ribs
tuberculum
(= small projection) the dorsal of 2 projections of the rib
capitulim
(=head) the ventral of 2 projections of the rib
sternum
(=chest) a ventral midline bone, but not present in Necturus
pectoral girdle
the support mechanism that ties the limb to the trunk of the body
coracoid
the ventral cartilage that points to the midline
procoracoid
(pro=before, forward) ventral cartilage that points anteriorly
scapula
(=shoulder) lateral bone
suprascapular cartilage
extension of the bony scapula
glenoid fossa
(glenoid = socket; fossa = depression) depression in scapula for articulation with humerus
humerus
bone in brachium
radius
the medial of 2 bones in the antebrachium
ulna
the lateral of 2 bones in the antebrachium
manus
(=hand)
carpals
6 cartilages that form from the wrist (carpus)
metacarpals
bones that form the bulk of the manus; one for each digit
phalanges
4 digits are present (#2-5) #4 has 3 phalanges, the others have 2 each
pelvic girdle
the support mechanism that ties the limb to the trunk of the body
acetabulum
(=vinegar cup) socket for articulation with the head of the femur
pubis
anterior cartilage that meets its partner at the ventral midline
ischium
posterior bone that meets its partner at the ventral midline
obdurator foramen
large hole for passage for obturator nerve
ilium
lateral bone that meets the sacral vertebra
pelvic canal
the tunnel through which the abdominal viscera pass to the cloaca
femur
bone of the thigh
tibia
the medial of 2 bones in the shank
fibula
the lateral of 2 bones in the shank
pes
(=foot)
tarsals
6 cartilages that form the ankle (tarsus)
metatarsals
bones that form the bulk of the pes; one for each digit
phalanges
4 digits are present (#2-5) #4 has 3 phalanges, the others have 2 each
premaxilla
the maxilla is a bone in some other animals; tooth-bearing
vomer
(=plowshare) this wedge shaped bone is a tooth-bearing bone of the upper jaw
palatopterygoid
(ptery = wing) flares out laterally to join the squamosal bone; tooth-bearing bone
squamosal
(squamous - scale-like) this bone looks like a fish scale in humans
frontal
forms the upper face
parietal
(=wall)
parasphenoid
(along side of the sphenoid) this large bone forms the roof of the mouth
dentary
forms the lateral surface of the mandible; tooth bearing
prearticular
forms the medial surface of the mandible
coronoid
usually a major bone in the mandible; medial surface of the mandible; tooth-bearing
ethmoid
tiny bone/cartilage that forms the roof of the mouth; anterior-most part of chondocranium
exoccipital
(exo=outside) are lateral to the foramen magnum, the opening for the spinal cord
prootic
(pro = in front of, otic = ear) the front part of the otic capsule
opisthotic
(opistho=behind, otic = ear) the back part of the otic capsule
columella (hyomandibula)
(= little column) is named for its shape - its vibrations are transferred to the inner ear. In animals, this is the stapes
quadrate
this and the articular form the hinge of the jaw
articular
this and the quadrate form the hinge of the jaw
hyoid apparatus
cartilage, so many not be present – forms anchor for tongue medially, and for gills laterally
which part of the pectoral girdle forms a joint with the axial skeleton?
clavicle and innerclavicle
compared to the standard tetrapod skill that you learned about today, what bone/cartilage of the chondrocranium is missing in Necturus
maxillae
what 3 bones make up the roof of the mouth and also the base of the braincase
parasphenoid, vomer, ethmoid
what 2 bones represent the homologu=ous of the 1st pharyngeal arch
quadrate, articular
what 1 bone represents the homologous of the 1st pharyngeal arch
columella
what 2 bones of the lower jaw have teeth
dentary, coronoid
what 2 bones form the jaw joint
quadrate, articular
