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BIOLOGY 474 Lab > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what might be a good reason to study the anatomy of a lamprey

A

it is a primitive species

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2
Q

are members of mammalia descended from amphibia? how would you describe their relationship

A

they have been evolving for the same amount of time, just split

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3
Q

what is the function of the notochord

A

support and side-side movement

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4
Q

how is the brachial basket used by the lamprey? how is it different than the standard vertebrate branchial arches

A

it is a pharynx that provides support - diff: lies more superficial and lateral to the gills

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5
Q

how is the lingual cartilage used?

A

supports the tongue

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6
Q

why not call the toothlike organs teeth

A

not homologous to teeth of other vertebrate

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7
Q

to what do the muscles within a myomere attach

A

myosepta

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8
Q

what about the feeding behavior of lampreys explains why there is no stomach

A

they suck blood

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9
Q

in later derived vertebrates, what cavities does the pleuroperitoneal cavity become

A

pleural cavities?

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10
Q

describe the type of respiration and feeding in lampreys

A

Lampreys feed upon fish with their suckers and breathe in and out of their branchial gill sacs. Parasitic species of lampreys can be flesh-feeders or blood-feeders, depending primarily on the structure of their teeth.

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11
Q

LAMPREY
holds brain and sensory organs; less derived version of skull

A

chondocranium

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12
Q

LAMPREY
supports oral funnel

A

annular cartilage

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13
Q

LAMPREY
supports the rasping tongue

A

lingual cartilage

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14
Q

LAMPREY
supports the pharyngeal region

A

brachial basket

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15
Q

in what ways has the lamprey pharyngeal skeleton differered from that of more recent fish

A

stucture is a connected network: horizontal connections to adjacent arches (in more derived fishes they are separated_

connection to the pericardial cartilage

brachial basket lies superficially, lateral to the gills and just beneath the skin (in more derived fish its deeper and medial to the gills)

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16
Q

what is the alternative explanation for a structure’s simplicity in evolutionary terms? ie. the derived organisms viscera may be more simple than the ancestor

A

result from moving towards simplification from a more complex animal

ie. parisites may lose stomachs and digestive capability because they no longer need it

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17
Q

why do lampreys not have a stomach

A

don’t need a stomach because they mainly have a liquid diet and do not need to store food`

18
Q

CHONDRICHTHYES
3 pairs of sensory organs

A

eyeballs, nares, inner ears (otic capsules)

19
Q

prefixes
a.) ant
b.) supra
c.) post
d.) basi

A

a.) in front of
b.) above
c.) posterior to, behind
d.) at the base

20
Q

LAMPREY
dorsal and caudal fins

A

external anatomy; on dorsal (back) and tail

21
Q

LAMPREY
nostril

A

external anatomy/nervous system; dorsal surface on the head (there’s only 1); opens into olfactory sac

22
Q

LAMPREY
pineal gland

A

external anatomy: posterior to nostril; an envagination of the roof of the diencephalon region of the brain

23
Q

LAMPREY
lateral line system

A

external anatomy; pores on the head close to the eyes/buccal funnel; pores lead to receptor cells that detect vibrations caused by water currrents

24
Q

LAMPREY
buccal finnel

A

extermal anatomy; inside the motuh, acts as a sucker in order to latch to prey and eat

25
Q

LAMPREY
toothlike organs

A

external anatomy; on the inner lining of the buccual funnel/sucker; not ture vertebrate teeth because they are ectodermal

26
Q

LAMPREY
gill slits

A

external anatomy; 7 openings used for tidal ventilation when feeding

27
Q

LAMPREY
cloacal aperture

A

external anatomy - on postventral end, area where. urine, fecal matter, and gametes are released

28
Q

LAMPREY
urogenital papilla

A

inside the cloacal apeture; urine and gametes are released through this papilla

29
Q

LAMPREY
lingual cartilage

A

skeletal system - oral skeletal element, supports the rasping of tongue in early feeding stages

30
Q

LAMPREY
pericardial cartilage

A

on posterior of branchial basket - encompasses the heard

31
Q

LAMPREY
myomeres

A

muscular system that runs along either side of the lamprey, have w shaped and produce smooth, alternating contractios on either side

32
Q

LAMPREY
myosepta

A

muscular system that separates the myomeres, acts as connective tissue between the myomeres

33
Q

LAMPREY
transverse septum

A

digestive system - anterior end surrounding the atrium, subdivides coelom

34
Q

LAMPREY
tongue

A

produces the wound to facilitate in feeding

35
Q

LAMPREY
oral glands

A

secretes anti-coagulating agent to keep a seeping wound

36
Q

LAMPREY
esophagus

A

leads straight into the intestine for digestion

37
Q

LAMPREY
caudal vein

A

circulatory system; ventral to the dorsal aorta; carries blood from tail region

38
Q

LAMPREY
posterior cardinal vein

A

circulatory system - either side of dorsal aorta; blood from tail emptied here

39
Q

LAMPREY
anterior cardinal vein

A

drain the anteriodorsal region of the body

40
Q

LAMPREY
caudal artery

A

between the caudal vein and the notochord; circulates blood to posterior body and tail

41
Q

LAMPREY
pineal organ

A

acts as light detection organ

42
Q

LAMPREY
hypophyseal sac

A

facilitates olfaction by moving water in and out of the nostril

BIOLOGY 474 Lab (9 decks)

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