Lab 4 Flashcards
compared to the necturus, mammals have many bony projections. What is the general purpose of these projections, and why would necturus need them?
for muscle attachment –> walk differently, jumping, holding neck up
the coracoid of Necturus remains in the pectoral girdle of mammals, but fused to the scapula as the coracoid process. Which of the 3 main bones of the Necturus pectoral girdle is no longer present in mammals?
procoracoid
what is the brachium
upper arm –> humerus
what is the antebrachium
lower arm (forearm) - radius and ulna
which of the bones in the antebrachium is in the lateral positon?
ulna
what does it mean for a cat to be digitate?
it can walk on its toes
which of the bones in the lower leg is in the lateral position
fibula
which of the pelvic bones is ventral and anterior
pubis
which is ventral and posterior
ishium
which makes contact with the sacral vertebrae
ilium
comparing the forelimb and the hindlimb, how are the attachments to the axial skeleton differen?
forelimb – musclular attachment
bone attachments – illlium (bony articulation)
which of the original tetrapod digits are present in the bird forelimb
1st, 2nd, and 3rd
most of the carpals have fused with metacarpals to form what
carpometacarpus
describe what you notice about the pectoral girdle – explain its functional relevance
scapula articulates (bone-bone) with pectoral gurdle –> helps for flight
what is unique abut the antebrachium, and what might explain the utlity of such an arrangement (bat)
only 1 bone – lost the ulna
- lighter for flight
how do the number of bones that make up the digits compared to the cat (bat)
5 digits with 3 phalanges
what part of the skeleton makes up the most support of the wing (bat)
digits –> skin of wing
the humerus has an extremely large bump called a deltopectoral crest. Why would deltoid and pectoralis msucles need such a large attachment? What function would they have (pterosaur skeleton)
muscle attachment, massive to support body
reptiles, like mammals, inherited 5 digits from their common ancestor. But, the pterosaur has lost digit I. Which digit makes up most of the support of the wing (pterosaur skeleton)
4
how many phalanges are present in that digit ^^^ digit number 4 (pterosaur skeleton)
4
the other digits have 3
describe what you notice about the pectoral girdle. explain the relevance (pterosaur skeleton)
lot wider compared to pelvic girdle –> good for flying
cannon bone (horse)
3rd metacarple
splint bones (2)(horse)
metacarpal (2 and 4)
pastern and coffin bone (horse)
phalanges of the 3rd digit
how many phalanges are present (horse)
3
what is unique about the radius and the ulna (horse)
mostly fused
what does it mean to be unguilgrade (horse)
walks on hooves
