Lab 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

compared to the necturus, mammals have many bony projections. What is the general purpose of these projections, and why would necturus need them?

A

for muscle attachment –> walk differently, jumping, holding neck up

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2
Q

the coracoid of Necturus remains in the pectoral girdle of mammals, but fused to the scapula as the coracoid process. Which of the 3 main bones of the Necturus pectoral girdle is no longer present in mammals?

A

procoracoid

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3
Q

what is the brachium

A

upper arm –> humerus

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4
Q

what is the antebrachium

A

lower arm (forearm) - radius and ulna

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5
Q

which of the bones in the antebrachium is in the lateral positon?

A

ulna

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6
Q

what does it mean for a cat to be digitate?

A

it can walk on its toes

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7
Q

which of the bones in the lower leg is in the lateral position

A

fibula

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8
Q

which of the pelvic bones is ventral and anterior

A

pubis

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9
Q

which is ventral and posterior

A

ishium

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10
Q

which makes contact with the sacral vertebrae

A

ilium

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11
Q

comparing the forelimb and the hindlimb, how are the attachments to the axial skeleton differen?

A

forelimb – musclular attachment
bone attachments – illlium (bony articulation)

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12
Q

which of the original tetrapod digits are present in the bird forelimb

A

1st, 2nd, and 3rd

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13
Q

most of the carpals have fused with metacarpals to form what

A

carpometacarpus

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14
Q

describe what you notice about the pectoral girdle – explain its functional relevance

A

scapula articulates (bone-bone) with pectoral gurdle –> helps for flight

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15
Q

what is unique abut the antebrachium, and what might explain the utlity of such an arrangement (bat)

A

only 1 bone – lost the ulna
- lighter for flight

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16
Q

how do the number of bones that make up the digits compared to the cat (bat)

A

5 digits with 3 phalanges

17
Q

what part of the skeleton makes up the most support of the wing (bat)

A

digits –> skin of wing

18
Q

the humerus has an extremely large bump called a deltopectoral crest. Why would deltoid and pectoralis msucles need such a large attachment? What function would they have (pterosaur skeleton)

A

muscle attachment, massive to support body

19
Q

reptiles, like mammals, inherited 5 digits from their common ancestor. But, the pterosaur has lost digit I. Which digit makes up most of the support of the wing (pterosaur skeleton)

A

4

20
Q

how many phalanges are present in that digit ^^^ digit number 4 (pterosaur skeleton)

A

4
the other digits have 3

21
Q

describe what you notice about the pectoral girdle. explain the relevance (pterosaur skeleton)

A

lot wider compared to pelvic girdle –> good for flying

22
Q

cannon bone (horse)

A

3rd metacarple

23
Q

splint bones (2)(horse)

A

metacarpal (2 and 4)

24
Q

pastern and coffin bone (horse)

A

phalanges of the 3rd digit

25
Q

how many phalanges are present (horse)

A

3

26
Q

what is unique about the radius and the ulna (horse)

A

mostly fused

27
Q

what does it mean to be unguilgrade (horse)

A

walks on hooves