Necrosis/GF Flashcards
Necrotic cell- histo
Protein dense, dark stain
nucleus is not in cell
Cell-hydropic change
early change to necrosis
water influx from increased permeability (vacuoles)
Ca2+ entry to cell –> membrane breakdown
Nucleus remains intact; light staining
Necrosis nuclear changes
Pyknosis- small dark nucleus (condensed chromatin)
Karyorrhexis- fragment of dense nucleus
Karyolysis- complete nucleus loss
Types of necrosis
- coagulative necrosis-
- Liquefactive necrosis-
- Caseating necrosis
- Fat necrosis-
Coagulative necrosis
- ex?
- type of inflamm?
most common type of necrosis ischemia from MI acute inflammation (various inflamm cells present)
Liquefactive necrosis
- ex?
- histo
- type of inflammation?
Infected abscess
Cell debris present
Acute inflammation
What is the most common type of necrosis?
Coagulative
Caseating necrosis?
- ex?
- type of inflammation?
lung TB chronic inflammation (granulomas present)
Fat necrosis
- ex?
- type of inflammation
- histo?
pancreatitis, surgical damage
chronic inflammation
supponification of tissue (soap bubbles)
Types of necrosis that are common in acute inflammation?
Coagulative
Liquefactive
Type of necrosis associated with chronic inflamation?
caseating
fat
5 GF?
PDGF TGF-b: ser/thr kinase receptor VEGF-Angiogenesis only FGF EGF-growth/prolif only
Excess PDGF results in?
hypertrophic scarring
Growth factors come from?
Platelets
and leukocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes
Becarplermin
PDGF drug
ulcer therapy
risk of cancer
Mechanism of TGF-b
secreted with LAP (cleaved off) binds receptor (ser/thr kinase) --> phosphorylation by Smad2/3 --> Smad4 binds --> complex goes to nucleus and acts on TF
Descrie TGF-b receptor and effects
Ser/Thr kinase
Receptor types I,II, III
I, II- angiogenesis, collagenesiss, chemoattraction of inflamm cells
III-scarless wound healing
Overactive VEGF?
anti-VEGF for mac degeneration
Role of heparan in GF?
stabilizes FGF from heat denaturation
PRP
platelet rich plasma- GF rich; used for surgery
3 types of vessel capillaries
continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous
Two ways tumor cells recruit new blood vessels?
- from existing blood vessels
2. recruit progenitors (EPC) from bone marrow
What do tumors secrete to aid in angiogenesis?
VEGF
MMP- degrades ECM
Others: TGF-b, FGF, IL-8, angiopoietin, angiogenin, PDGF
Tumor capillaries v normal
thicker diam disorganized loose pericytes leaky higher interstitial pressure poor lymphatic drainage
Angiostatin?
anti-angiogenic
give to prevent metastasis after surg
TIMP
MMP inhibitor
anti-angiogenic
Thrombospondin-1
anti-angiogenic
bound to ECM
binds CD36 of endothelial cell to inhibit proliferation
Anti-angiogenics examples?
IFNa/b, angiostatin, endostatin, collagen IV fragments (arrestin, tumastatin), fibullin, endorepellin
