Necrosis/GF

Question 0

Necrotic cell- histo

Answer 0

Protein dense, dark stain

nucleus is not in cell

Question 1

Cell-hydropic change

Answer 1

early change to necrosis
water influx from increased permeability (vacuoles)
Ca2+ entry to cell –> membrane breakdown
Nucleus remains intact; light staining

Question 2

Necrosis nuclear changes

Answer 2

Pyknosis- small dark nucleus (condensed chromatin)
Karyorrhexis- fragment of dense nucleus
Karyolysis- complete nucleus loss

Question 3

Types of necrosis

Answer 3

1. coagulative necrosis-
2. Liquefactive necrosis-
3. Caseating necrosis
4. Fat necrosis-

Question 4

Coagulative necrosis

• ex?
• type of inflamm?

Answer 4

most common type of necrosis
ischemia from MI
acute inflammation (various inflamm cells present)

Question 5

Liquefactive necrosis

• ex?
• histo
• type of inflammation?

Answer 5

Infected abscess
Cell debris present
Acute inflammation

Question 6

What is the most common type of necrosis?

Answer 6

Coagulative

Question 7

Caseating necrosis?

• ex?
• type of inflammation?

Answer 7

lung TB
chronic inflammation (granulomas present)

Question 8

Fat necrosis

• ex?
• type of inflammation
• histo?

Answer 8

pancreatitis, surgical damage
chronic inflammation
supponification of tissue (soap bubbles)

Question 9

Types of necrosis that are common in acute inflammation?

Answer 9

Coagulative

Liquefactive

Question 10

Type of necrosis associated with chronic inflamation?

Answer 10

caseating

fat

Question 11

5 GF?

Answer 11

PDGF
TGF-b: ser/thr kinase receptor 
VEGF-Angiogenesis only
FGF
EGF-growth/prolif only

Question 12

Excess PDGF results in?

Answer 12

hypertrophic scarring

Question 13

Growth factors come from?

Answer 13

Platelets

and leukocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes

Question 14

Becarplermin

Answer 14

PDGF drug
ulcer therapy
risk of cancer

Question 15

Mechanism of TGF-b

Answer 15

secreted with LAP (cleaved off)
binds receptor (ser/thr kinase) --> phosphorylation by Smad2/3 --> Smad4 binds --> complex goes to nucleus and acts on TF

Question 16

Descrie TGF-b receptor and effects

Answer 16

Ser/Thr kinase
Receptor types I,II, III
I, II- angiogenesis, collagenesiss, chemoattraction of inflamm cells
III-scarless wound healing

Question 17

Overactive VEGF?

Answer 17

anti-VEGF for mac degeneration

Question 18

Role of heparan in GF?

Answer 18

stabilizes FGF from heat denaturation

Question 19

PRP

Answer 19

platelet rich plasma- GF rich; used for surgery

Question 20

3 types of vessel capillaries

Answer 20

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous

Question 21

Two ways tumor cells recruit new blood vessels?

Answer 21

1. from existing blood vessels

2. recruit progenitors (EPC) from bone marrow

Question 22

What do tumors secrete to aid in angiogenesis?

Answer 22

VEGF
MMP- degrades ECM
Others: TGF-b, FGF, IL-8, angiopoietin, angiogenin, PDGF

Question 23

Tumor capillaries v normal

Answer 23

thicker diam
disorganized
loose pericytes
leaky
higher interstitial pressure
poor lymphatic drainage

Question 24

Angiostatin?

Answer 24

anti-angiogenic

give to prevent metastasis after surg

Question 25

TIMP

Answer 25

MMP inhibitor

anti-angiogenic

Question 26

Thrombospondin-1

Answer 26

anti-angiogenic
bound to ECM
binds CD36 of endothelial cell to inhibit proliferation

Question 27

Anti-angiogenics examples?

Answer 27

IFNa/b, angiostatin, endostatin, collagen IV fragments (arrestin, tumastatin), fibullin, endorepellin