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Foundations2 > MISC > Flashcards

MISC Flashcards

0
Q

What % children are food insecure?

A

20%

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1
Q

Competing brain parts in dealing with stress? Maturity age?

A

PFC- cognition/judgment (maturity at 24 yrs)

Amygdala- emotional/impulsive (maturity at 18yrs)

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2
Q

Alloantigen

A

antigen that body reacts to from same species

ex. HLA

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3
Q

Septic shock?

A

Blood infection from cytokines
LPS binds TLR of MAC in liver/spleen –> TNF-a release —> platelet activating factor form endothelium –> widespread clotting

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4
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell differentiates into? (3)

A
  1. lymphoid progenitor (–> T/B/NK cells)
  2. myeloid progenitor (–> granulocytes and monocytes)
  3. erythroid megakaryocyte progenitor (–> platelets and RBC)
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5
Q

B cell activation signals?

A
  1. MHC-II/antigen (B cell) - Th2
  2. CD40L (Th2) - CD40 (B cell)
  3. IL-4 binds IL-4 receptor of B cell
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6
Q

Describe affinity maturation

A

During B cell differentiation

follicular DC present antigen to B cells; only those with highest affinity will survive

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7
Q

Where is neutrophil recruited from during infection?

A

Bone marrow

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8
Q

What receptor does IL-8 bind? what cell?

A

CXCR1/2 on neutrophil

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9
Q

TLR:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: DC/MAC/infected cells
  • b: antigen (PAMP)
  • p: antigen processing
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10
Q

B7:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: DC/MAC
  • b: CD28 of T cell
  • p: T cell activation
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11
Q

CD28:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: T cell
  • b: B7 of MAC/DC/or infected cell?
  • p: T cell activation
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12
Q

TCR:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: T cell
  • b: antigen/MHC-II
  • p: T cell activation
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13
Q

CD40L:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: Th cells
  • b: CD40 on B cells and MAC
  • p: B cell activiation and MAC optimization
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14
Q

CD40:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: MAC and B cells
  • B: CD40L
  • P: MAC optimization and B cell activation
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15
Q

BCR:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell
  • B: pathogen
  • P: B cell antigen processing
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16
Q

CR2:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell (receptor)
  • B: C3d of pathogen
  • P: antigen processing in B cell; activates TK
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17
Q

C3d:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: pathogen
  • B: CR2 of B cell
  • P: B cell antigen processing; activates TK
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18
Q

CD19:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell
  • B: gets phosphorylated by TK after antigen binding
  • P: B cell antigen processing; allows for aB production
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19
Q

ITAM:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell
  • B: phosphorylated by TK after antigen binding
  • P: B cell antigen binding
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20
Q

CDC6

A
  • binds ORC (origin replication complex) during G1 phase (inhibits DNA replication
  • is phoshorylated and degraded in S phase (S-Cdk promotes this)
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21
Q

ORC

A

origin recognition complex (hangs out on DNA)

gets phosphorylated in S phase before replication

22
Q

MCM

A 
binds ORC (origin recognition complex) and DNA at end of G1 (required for replication)
removed by G2 (after replication)
23
Q

what makes up pre-RC?

A

prereplicative complex
MCM + ORC + DNA + cdc6
(removal of cdc6 –> RC)

24
Q

B cell activation signals?

A
  1. MHC-II/antigen (B cell) - Th2
  2. CD40L (Th2) - CD40 (B cell)
  3. IL-4 binds IL-4 receptor of B cell
25
Q

Describe affinity maturation

A

During B cell differentiation

follicular DC present antigen to B cells; only those with highest affinity will survive

26
Q

Where is neutrophil recruited from during infection?

A

Bone marrow

27
Q

What receptor does IL-8 bind? what cell?

A

CXCR1/2 on neutrophil

28
Q

TLR:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: DC/MAC/infected cells
  • b: antigen (PAMP)
  • p: antigen processing
29
Q

B7:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: DC/MAC
  • b: CD28 of T cell
  • p: T cell activation
30
Q

CD28:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: T cell
  • b: B7 of MAC/DC/or infected cell?
  • p: T cell activation
31
Q

TCR:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: T cell
  • b: antigen/MHC-II
  • p: T cell activation
32
Q

CD40L:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • c: Th cells
  • b: CD40 on B cells and MAC
  • p: B cell activiation and MAC optimization
33
Q

CD40:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: MAC and B cells
  • B: CD40L
  • P: MAC optimization and B cell activation
34
Q

BCR:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell
  • B: pathogen
  • P: B cell antigen processing
35
Q

CR2:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell (receptor)
  • B: C3d of pathogen
  • P: antigen processing in B cell; activates TK
36
Q

C3d:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: pathogen
  • B: CR2 of B cell
  • P: B cell antigen processing; activates TK
37
Q

CD19:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell
  • B: gets phosphorylated by TK after antigen binding
  • P: B cell antigen processing; allows for aB production
38
Q

ITAM:

  • cell
  • binds?
  • effect/process
A
  • C: B cell
  • B: phosphorylated by TK after antigen binding
  • P: B cell antigen binding
39
Q

CDC6

A
  • binds ORC (origin replication complex) during G1 phase (inhibits DNA replication
  • is phoshorylated and degraded in S phase (S-Cdk promotes this)
40
Q

ORC

A

origin recognition complex (hangs out on DNA)

gets phosphorylated in S phase before replication

41
Q

MCM

A 
binds ORC (origin recognition complex) and DNA at end of G1 (required for replication)
removed by G2 (after replication)
42
Q

what makes up pre-RC?

A

prereplicative complex
MCM + ORC + DNA + cdc6
(removal of cdc6 –> RC)

43
Q

pyrogens impact brain how?

A

hypothalamus –> signals a. pituitary via CRH –> signals adrenals via ACTH –> release of glucocorticoids –> turn down immune response and enhances liver APR

44
Q

process of stem cell differentiation: starting with totipotent cell?

A

–> pluripotent (embryo, placenta, amniotic sac) –> multipotent cell (restricted to ecto, meso, or endoderm) –> unipotent cell

45
Q

Trophoblast –>?

A

placenta

46
Q

Review T cell devo

A

See notes

47
Q

4 cytokine families?

A

Type I- short chain (EPO/leptin ect) and long chain (IL)
TypeII helical- IL (we didnt talk about) and IFNs
IL-1 family
TNF family

48
Q

Review complement system

A

see notes

49
Q

Review Cell cycle

A

See notes

50
Q

Review DNA replication

A

See notes

51
Q

Review leukocyte adhesion and entry

A

See notes

52
Q

Review apoptosis pathways

A

See notes

53
Q

Review immuno pathways

A

see notes

Foundations2 (17 decks)

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