Neck & Suboccipital Flashcards
Name the 4 deep cervical fascia, their locations, and their contents.
Investing fascia - deep to the platysma muscles, encircles the neck (splits around sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles like the MSK deep fascia and inf portion of parotid gland) outmost layer, includes the other 3 fascia
Pretracheal fascia - contents include infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, esophagus and trachea; Includes adams apple
Prevertebral fascia - from base of skull to mediastinum; contents include vertebral column, scalene muscles, and deep muscles of the back
Carotid sheath - contents include the neurovascular bundle: internal jugular vein, common & internal carotid arteries, and the vagus nerve
Carotid sheath deep cervical fascia is _________ to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
medial
Name the triangles of the neck.
Anterior > Submandibular, submental, subcarotid, muscular
Posterior > Suboccipital, subclavicular
Name the 2 major triangles of the neck.
Anterior and Posterior cervical triangles
What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?
Anterior border: midline of the neck
Posterior border: Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior border: inferior border of the mandible
What are the borders of the posterior cervical triangle?
Anterior border: Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior border: Trapezius muscle
Inferior border: clavicle
Apex: union of trapezius and SCM muscles at the superior nuchal line of occipital bone
What are the subdivisions and borders of the anterior cervical triangles?
Carotid (between superior belly of omohyoid muscle, sternocleidomastoid, and diagastric muscles)
Muscular (between superior belly of omohyoid, hyoid bone, SCM, and midline of neck)
Submental - under the chin, (divided by the anterior diagastric muscle and hyoid bone)
Submandibular - bordered by the post/ant gastric muscles and inferior border of mandible
What are the subdivisions and borders of the posterior cervical triangles?
Occipital - trapezius(ant border), inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, and sternocleidomastoid
Supraclavicular - borderd by inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, clavicle, and sternoclediomastoid muscle
Muscles above the hyoid bone are referred to as ________________ muscles.
Suprahyoid muscles
The 4 muscles below the hyoid bones are called the ______________.
infrahyoid muscles
Name the suprahyoid muscles.
Mylohyoid, Digastric (Ant and post bellies), Stylohyoid, Geniohyoid (deep)
Name the infrahyoid muscles.
Omohyoid (superior and inf bellies), sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
The phrenic nerve is _________ to the anterior scalene muscle.
anterior
The ___________ supplies blood to the inferior aspect of the thyroid gland.
inferior thyroid artery
The __________ plexus passes between the middle and anterior scalene muscles.
brachial plexus
What innervates in suprahyoid muscles?
Mylohyoid - Mylohyoid br of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3) Trigeminal
Digastric (Anterior) - Mylohyoid br of inferior alveolar nerve, CN V3 Trigeminal
Digastric (Posterior) - Facial nerve
Stylohyoid - Facial nerve
Geniohyoid - ventral rami of C1 via CN XII, Hypoglossal
What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid (Superior&Inferior) - ansa cervicalis C1-C3
Stenohyoid - ansa cervicalis C1-C3
Sternothyroid - ansa cervicalis C1-C3
Thryohyoid - ventral rami of C1 via CN XII, Hypoglossal
Name the suboccipital muscles of the neck.
- Rectus capitis posterior minor
- Rectus capitis posterior major
- Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique)
- Oliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique)
What are the borders and contents of the suboccipital triangle?
Rectus capitis posterior major. superior oblique, and inferior oblique
suboccipital nerve vertebral artery (deep)
The vertebral artery passes through the _____________ of vertebrae.
transverse foramen
What are the unique features of the C1?
C1 = atlas
Topmost cervical vertebra, supports the skull (superior artucular facet for occipital epicondyle)
It is a ring of bone with an anterior and posterior arch.
It does not have a spinous process (posterior tubercle)
Has tubercle for Transverse ligament of atlas
What are the unique features of the C2?
C2 = axis
Includes the dens, which forms part of pivot joint of Atlantoaxial joint (AA).
Dens articulates with the anterior arch of C1.
What are the unique features of the C7?
vertebra prominens, uniquely defined spinous process that can be palpated
Name the branchial (pharyngeal) arches.
1 Mandibular 2 Hyoid 3 Third 4 Fourth 5 developed, but "reabsorbed" 6 Sixth
What muscles are derived from the mandibular arch, and what is their innervation?
Mastication muscles, mylohyoid, anterior belly gastric
Trigeminal nerve (V3)
What muscles are derived from the hyoid arch, and what is their innervation?
facial expression muscles, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid
Facial nerve (CN VIII)
What muscles are derived from the third arch, and what innervates them?
stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What muscles are derived from the fourth arch, and what innervates them?
cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Vagus nerve (CN X) superior laryngeal branch
What muscles are derived from the sixth arch, and what innervates them?
intrinsic laryngeal
Vagus nerve (CN X) recurrent laryngeal branch
What muscles are derived from the fifth arch?
None. This arch developed at an early stage and was reabsorbed. (Pruning)
_____________ muscle moves laryngeal cartillages for phonation and changes tension on vocal chords.
Intrinsic laryngeal muscle
What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the rectus capitis posterior major?
Attachments: from spinous process of C2 to lateral aspect of the inferior nuchal line
Actions: extension and ipsilateral rotation of the head
Innervation: suboccipital nerve
What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
Attachments: from the tubercle on posterior arch of C1 to the medial aspect of the inferior nuchal line
Actions: extension of the head
Innervation: Suboccipital nerve
What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the inferior oblique?
Attachments: from spinous process of C2 to transverse process of C1
Actions: ipsilateral rotation of the head
Innervation: suboccipital nerve
What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the superior oblique?
Attachments: from the transverse process of C1 to the area between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital bone
Actions: extension and lateral flexion of the head
Innervation: Suboccipital nerve
What are the contents of the occipital triangle?
CN XI (Accessory nerve) and the trunks of the brachial plexus
What are the contents of the supraclavicular triangle?
Subclavian artery > Thyrocervial Trunk & 4 branches > Suprascapular a, transverse cervical a, ascending cervical a, and inferior thyroid a.
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Lymph nodes
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
Lymph nodes
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
common carotid artery
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
anterior muscles of the neck
-4 suprahyoid
4 infrahyoid
