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Clinical Anatomy 1 Maddy > Neck & Suboccipital > Flashcards

Neck & Suboccipital Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 deep cervical fascia, their locations, and their contents.

A

Investing fascia - deep to the platysma muscles, encircles the neck (splits around sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles like the MSK deep fascia and inf portion of parotid gland) outmost layer, includes the other 3 fascia

Pretracheal fascia - contents include infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, esophagus and trachea; Includes adams apple

Prevertebral fascia - from base of skull to mediastinum; contents include vertebral column, scalene muscles, and deep muscles of the back

Carotid sheath - contents include the neurovascular bundle: internal jugular vein, common & internal carotid arteries, and the vagus nerve

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2
Q

Carotid sheath deep cervical fascia is _________ to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

A

medial

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3
Q

Name the triangles of the neck.

A

Anterior > Submandibular, submental, subcarotid, muscular

Posterior > Suboccipital, subclavicular

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4
Q

Name the 2 major triangles of the neck.

A

Anterior and Posterior cervical triangles

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5
Q

What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Anterior border: midline of the neck
Posterior border: Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior border: inferior border of the mandible

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6
Q

What are the borders of the posterior cervical triangle?

A

Anterior border: Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior border: Trapezius muscle
Inferior border: clavicle
Apex: union of trapezius and SCM muscles at the superior nuchal line of occipital bone

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7
Q

What are the subdivisions and borders of the anterior cervical triangles?

A

Carotid (between superior belly of omohyoid muscle, sternocleidomastoid, and diagastric muscles)
Muscular (between superior belly of omohyoid, hyoid bone, SCM, and midline of neck)
Submental - under the chin, (divided by the anterior diagastric muscle and hyoid bone)
Submandibular - bordered by the post/ant gastric muscles and inferior border of mandible

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8
Q

What are the subdivisions and borders of the posterior cervical triangles?

A

Occipital - trapezius(ant border), inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, and sternocleidomastoid

Supraclavicular - borderd by inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, clavicle, and sternoclediomastoid muscle

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9
Q

Muscles above the hyoid bone are referred to as ________________ muscles.

A

Suprahyoid muscles

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10
Q

The 4 muscles below the hyoid bones are called the ______________.

A

infrahyoid muscles

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11
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles.

A

Mylohyoid, Digastric (Ant and post bellies), Stylohyoid, Geniohyoid (deep)

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12
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles.

A

Omohyoid (superior and inf bellies), sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

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13
Q

The phrenic nerve is _________ to the anterior scalene muscle.

A

anterior

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14
Q

The ___________ supplies blood to the inferior aspect of the thyroid gland.

A

inferior thyroid artery

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15
Q

The __________ plexus passes between the middle and anterior scalene muscles.

A

brachial plexus

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16
Q

What innervates in suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid - Mylohyoid br of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3) Trigeminal
Digastric (Anterior) - Mylohyoid br of inferior alveolar nerve, CN V3 Trigeminal
Digastric (Posterior) - Facial nerve
Stylohyoid - Facial nerve
Geniohyoid - ventral rami of C1 via CN XII, Hypoglossal

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17
Q

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid (Superior&Inferior) - ansa cervicalis C1-C3
Stenohyoid - ansa cervicalis C1-C3
Sternothyroid - ansa cervicalis C1-C3
Thryohyoid - ventral rami of C1 via CN XII, Hypoglossal

18
Q

Name the suboccipital muscles of the neck.

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique)
  • Oliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique)
19
Q

What are the borders and contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major. superior oblique, and inferior oblique

suboccipital nerve
vertebral artery (deep)
20
Q

The vertebral artery passes through the _____________ of vertebrae.

A

transverse foramen

21
Q

What are the unique features of the C1?

A

C1 = atlas
Topmost cervical vertebra, supports the skull (superior artucular facet for occipital epicondyle)
It is a ring of bone with an anterior and posterior arch.
It does not have a spinous process (posterior tubercle)
Has tubercle for Transverse ligament of atlas

22
Q

What are the unique features of the C2?

A

C2 = axis
Includes the dens, which forms part of pivot joint of Atlantoaxial joint (AA).
Dens articulates with the anterior arch of C1.

23
Q

What are the unique features of the C7?

A

vertebra prominens, uniquely defined spinous process that can be palpated

24
Q

Name the branchial (pharyngeal) arches.

A 
1 Mandibular
2 Hyoid
3 Third
4 Fourth
5 developed, but "reabsorbed"
6 Sixth
25
Q

What muscles are derived from the mandibular arch, and what is their innervation?

A

Mastication muscles, mylohyoid, anterior belly gastric

Trigeminal nerve (V3)

26
Q

What muscles are derived from the hyoid arch, and what is their innervation?

A

facial expression muscles, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid

Facial nerve (CN VIII)

27
Q

What muscles are derived from the third arch, and what innervates them?

A

stylopharyngeus

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

28
Q

What muscles are derived from the fourth arch, and what innervates them?

A

cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Vagus nerve (CN X) superior laryngeal branch

29
Q

What muscles are derived from the sixth arch, and what innervates them?

A

intrinsic laryngeal

Vagus nerve (CN X) recurrent laryngeal branch

30
Q

What muscles are derived from the fifth arch?

A

None. This arch developed at an early stage and was reabsorbed. (Pruning)

31
Q

_____________ muscle moves laryngeal cartillages for phonation and changes tension on vocal chords.

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle

32
Q

What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Attachments: from spinous process of C2 to lateral aspect of the inferior nuchal line

Actions: extension and ipsilateral rotation of the head

Innervation: suboccipital nerve

33
Q

What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Attachments: from the tubercle on posterior arch of C1 to the medial aspect of the inferior nuchal line

Actions: extension of the head

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

34
Q

What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the inferior oblique?

A

Attachments: from spinous process of C2 to transverse process of C1

Actions: ipsilateral rotation of the head

Innervation: suboccipital nerve

35
Q

What are the attachments, actions and innervation of the superior oblique?

A

Attachments: from the transverse process of C1 to the area between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital bone

Actions: extension and lateral flexion of the head

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

36
Q

What are the contents of the occipital triangle?

A

CN XI (Accessory nerve) and the trunks of the brachial plexus

37
Q

What are the contents of the supraclavicular triangle?

A

Subclavian artery > Thyrocervial Trunk & 4 branches > Suprascapular a, transverse cervical a, ascending cervical a, and inferior thyroid a.

38
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A

Lymph nodes

39
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A

Lymph nodes

40
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

common carotid artery

41
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

anterior muscles of the neck
-4 suprahyoid
4 infrahyoid

Clinical Anatomy 1 Maddy (8 decks)

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