Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro 1 > Neck: Skull, cranial meninges, dural venous sinuses > Flashcards

Neck: Skull, cranial meninges, dural venous sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of cranial meninges?

A
  1. pia mater (finest layer, closest to brain)

2. arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pia mater

A

finest layer

  • faithful mother
  • Areoloar CT that is directly applied to surface of brain, follows countours of brain and separates brain brain from subarachnoid space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

arachnoid mater

A

dense CT layer, that is trabeculated on deep surface forming subarachnoid space (which contains CSF)

  • covers brain but does not dip into sulci (except for longitudinal fissure)
  • spans space between contours of brain to form cisterns (areas of accumulated CSF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Choroid plexus

A

forms CSF
- modified capillary tuft located in ventricles of brain and circulates through ventrical channels to fourth ventricle where it openly communicates with SAS. CSF is reabsorbed superiorly into the superior sagittal sinus via the arachnoid granulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dura mater: 2 layers?

A

“strong mother”

  • found on skull
  • dense fibrous CT layer enclosing brain (cont. w/ spinal dura at foramen magnum)
    1. periosteal layer? periosteum of cranial vautl thats adherent to meningeal dura
    2. meningeal layer? duplications of dura which are prolonged b/w major portions of brain, form dural reflections for support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the dural reflections?

A

formed from meningeal layer of dura mater.

  1. Fax cerebri
  2. tentorium cerebelli
  3. falx cerebelli
  4. diaphragma sellae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Falx cerebri

A

midline sickle shaped extension of dura between cerebral hemispheres (follow contour of sagittal suture posteriiorly to become continuous with tentorium cerebellae)\

  • superior sagittal sinus lies in its superior margin
  • inferior sagittal sinus lies in its inferior margin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

forms a tend over the posterior cranial fossa; separates cerbellum from posterior portion of cerebral hemispheres

  • grooves through transverse sinus
  • encloses superior petrosal sinus
  • tentorial notch: free anterior concave margin of tentorium that wraps around midbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

strait sinus

A

site of fusion of falx cerebelli to tentorium and falx cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

falx cerebelli

A

extension of dura between cerebellar hemispheres

- contains occipital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diaphragma sellae

A

specialized portion of dura which forms a roof over the hypophyseal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dural venous sinuses

A
  • endothelial lined spaces between opposed layers of dura mater.
  • collect blood and CSF from the brain, meninges, diploe and vertebral column and directly from face, orbit nasal and occ areas via emissary vv. (vv. which communicate between the dural sinuses and the veins)
  • this system has no valves
  • flow of all sinuses goes ultimately to internal jugular v.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. superior sagittal sinus
A
  • superior border of falx cerebri
  • ends at confluens of sinuses
  • receives venous drainage (emissary vv, cerebral vv.. meningeal vv, diploic vv.) and CSF via arachnoid granulations which protrude into the sinus at venous lacunae.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. inferior sagittal sinus
A

located on inferior margin of falx cerebri

  • receives cerebral and meninges vv.
  • ends at straight sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. straight sinus
A

located at jn. of falx cerebri and tenotorium cerebelli

  • receives inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral v.
  • opens posteriorly at the confluence of sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. transverse sinus
A
  • bilateral continuations of the superior sagittal and straight sinuses
  • occupies the perimeter of the tentorium
  • continuous with sigmoid sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. sigmoid sinus
A
  • located on internal surface of temporal bone posterior to petrous ridge
  • goes to jugular bulb and jugular foramen
  • receives superior and inferior petrosal sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. occipital sinus
A
  • located in falx cerebelli
  • surrounds foramen magnum to communicate with basilar sinus
  • goes up to join confluens
19
Q

confluens of sinuses

A

only 30-40% of people have this

- junctior of superior sagittal, transverse, occipital and straight sinuses

20
Q

sphenoparietal sinus

A

located bilaterally between opposed layers of dura along posterior edge of lesser wing of sphenoid bone
- drains dura to the cavernous sinus

21
Q

cavernous sinus

A
  • located bilaterally on body of sphenoid bone
  • outer wall houses CNs II, IV, V1, V2
  • internal carotid is internal to this as well as CN VI
  • receives blood from superior opthalmic v, sphenoparietal sinus and emissary vv.
  • drains posteriorly via superior and inferior petrosal sinuses to the sigmoid sinus to internal jugular v.
22
Q

superior petrosal sinus

A
  • drains cavernous sinuses posteriorly to jn. of sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb
  • receives cerebral, cerebellar and tympanic vv.
23
Q

inferior petrosal sinus

A
  • drains cavernous sinus posteriorly to the jn. of the sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb
  • receives vv. of the pons, medulla, and inferior cerebellum
24
Q

basilar plexus

A
  • connects inferior petrosal sinuses and receives the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
  • communicates with “marginal” portion of occipital sinus
25
Q

which nerve will be paralyzed first in internal carotid anuerism?

A

will cause expansion of cavernous sinus and will first affect CN VI because it is within the cavernous sinus.

26
Q

anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • frontal bone anteriorly
  • posterior: lesser wings of sphenoid bone
  • floor: orbital plates of frontal bone, ethmoid, lesser wings of sphenoid
27
Q

middle cranial fossa?

A

anterior: lesser wings of sphenoid
posterior: petrous ridge
floor: sphenoid bone and temporal bone

28
Q

posterior cranial fossa?

A

anterior: petrous ridge
posterior: occ. bone
floor: mostly occipital bone

29
Q

crista galli

A
  • Anterior CF - ethmoid bone
  • attachment of falx cerebri
  • (ridge in -
    between the cribiform plate)
30
Q

cribiform plate

A 
ethmoid bone (ant. CF)
- passage of olfactor fibers CN I
31
Q

orbital frontal plates

A

frontal bone - ant CF

- impressions on floor of anterior cranial fossa left by orbital frontal gyri of brain

32
Q

memorize all foramina!!

A

they are here as well!!!!

33
Q

anterior clinoid process

A

mid CF - two processes of ethmoid in middle

- attachment of tentorium cerebelli

34
Q

chiastmatic groove

A

mid CF: groove on roof of sphenoid formed by optic chiasm

35
Q

sella turcica

A

saddle shaped body of sphenoid

36
Q

hypophyseal fossa

A

depression for pituitary gland

37
Q

dorsum sella

A
  • back side of the saddle

- origin of posterior clinoid process

38
Q

posterior clinoid process

A

lateral projections of dorsum sellae, provide attachment sites for tenotrium cerebelli

39
Q

carotid groove

A

located laterall to sellae

40
Q

clivus

A

downward medial sloping portion of sphenoid which articulates with basilar portion of occipital bone in posterior cranial fossa

41
Q

what vessels supply the cranial fossa?

A

anterior meningeal artery (branch of anterior ethmoidal a.)

  • middle meningeal a (branch of maxillary a- LARGEST)
  • posterior meningeal a.
42
Q

innervation of cranial vault?

A

trigemnial n. supplies pain fibers to areas of dural sinuses
- vagus and cervical spinal nn C1 and C2( follow XII through cranial fossa) innervate the dura of the posterior cranial fossa

43
Q

epidural hematoma?

A

most often due to injury of middle menengeal artery, results in midline shift, causing uncus herniation and causing cerebellum to be pushed out of foramen magnum

Neuro 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions