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Head & Neck > Neck myology > Flashcards

Neck myology Flashcards

1
Q

what zone of penetrating trauma exists from the angle of the mandible & up?
what structures are located in this zone?

A 
zone III
contents:
salivary glands
oral cavity
nasal cavity
oropharynx
nasopharynx
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2
Q

what zone of penetrating trauma exists from the angle of the mandible to the cricoid cartilage
what structures are located in this zone?

A 
zone II
contents:
laryngeal cartilage
larynx
laryngopharynx
carotid a.
jugular v.
esophagus
cervical vertebrae
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3
Q

what zone of penetrating trauma exists from cricoid cartilage and below?
what structures are located in this zone?

A 
zone I
contents:
cervical pleura
apex of lung
thyroid & parathyroid galnds
trachea
esophagus
common carotid
jugular v
cervical vertebrae
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4
Q

what zone is most commonly penetrated?

A

zone II - most dangerous but most easily accesible

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5
Q

what innervates the anteror vertebral column muscles?

A

muscular branches of cervical spinal ns

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6
Q

between what two structures do rectus capitis anterior m. and rectus capitus lateralis m. attach?

A

atlas => occipital

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7
Q

what do the arytenoid muscles do?

A

squeeze arytenoid cartilages together

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8
Q

what are the laryngeal muscles innervated by?

what is the exception?

A

recurrent laryngeal n

EXCEPT cricothyroid m. is innervated by the external laryngeal n.

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9
Q

what do the muscles attaching to the styloid process do?

A

elevate the pharynx when swallowing

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10
Q

what do the pharyngeal ms do?

A

elevate the pharynx and larynx

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11
Q

what muscles attach to the pharyngeal raphe?

A

superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor ms.

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12
Q

to what structure does the pharyngeal raphe attach?

A

pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone

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13
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles innervated by?

what is the exception?

A

ansa cervicalis

EXCEPT thyrohyoid m., innervated by C1 via hypoglossal n

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14
Q

how can you differentiate the stylohyoid from the digastric m?

A

stylohyoid m stays muscular, digastric m. has a tendon in the middle (forming two muscle bellies)

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15
Q

what muscle must be reflected in order to see the geniohyoid m?

A

mylohyoid m.

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16
Q

what two muscles form the borders of the stylomastoid foramen and what is transmitted through it?

A

digastric m. and stylohyoid m.

facial n. passes through the formen then innervates these ms.

17
Q

what structures split the sub-triangles of the anterior triangle

A

hyoid bone, anterior belly of digastric m. and superior belly of omohyoid m.

18
Q

what two subtriangles are above the hyoid? what separates them?

A

submandibular and submental

separated by anterior belly of digastric m.

19
Q

what two subtriangles are below the hyoid? what separates them?

A

carotid and muscular

separated by superior belly of omohyoid m.

20
Q

what is contained in the submental triangle?

A

submental LNs & small veins forming anterior jugular

21
Q

what is contained in the submandibular triangle?

A

most important: SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND AND HYPOGLOSSAL N

also mylohyoid n, submental a and facial a

22
Q

what is contained in the muscular triangle?

A

thyroid & parathyroid glands

sternohyoid & sternothyroid ms.

23
Q

what is contained in the carotid triangle?

A 
hypoglossal n
internal jugular v
vagus n
external & common carotids
ansa cervicalis
24
Q

what are the general actions of the scalenes?

A

lateral flexion and rib elevation

25
Q

what is spasmodic torticollis?

A

adult onset, abnormal tonicity of cervical ms

26
Q

what muscle is affected in congenital torticollis?

A

SCM has a fibrous tissue tumor casing head to turn away from affected side

27
Q

what nerve can be affected in congenital torticollis?

A

spinal accessory n (CN VI) => denervation of SCM

b/c hematoma formation

28
Q

what two muscles are innervated by CN VI?

A

traps & SCM

29
Q

what is the action of the SCM

A

lateral flexion of the neck and rotating away

30
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

anterior: SCM
posterior: trapezius
inferior: clavicle

31
Q

what structure separates the sub-triangles of the posterior triangle?
what are the subtriangles?

A

omohyoid m => occipital triangle and omoclavicular triangle

32
Q

what are the contents of the occipital triangle

A

external jugular v
posterior branches of cervical plexus
transverse cervical a

33
Q

what are the contents of the omoclavicular triangle

A

3rd part of subclavian a

suprascapular a

34
Q

what are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

anterior: midline of neck
posterior: SCM
superior: body of mandible

Head & Neck (7 decks)

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