Neck myology Flashcards
what zone of penetrating trauma exists from the angle of the mandible & up?
what structures are located in this zone?
zone III contents: salivary glands oral cavity nasal cavity oropharynx nasopharynx
what zone of penetrating trauma exists from the angle of the mandible to the cricoid cartilage
what structures are located in this zone?
zone II contents: laryngeal cartilage larynx laryngopharynx carotid a. jugular v. esophagus cervical vertebrae
what zone of penetrating trauma exists from cricoid cartilage and below?
what structures are located in this zone?
zone I contents: cervical pleura apex of lung thyroid & parathyroid galnds trachea esophagus common carotid jugular v cervical vertebrae
what zone is most commonly penetrated?
zone II - most dangerous but most easily accesible
what innervates the anteror vertebral column muscles?
muscular branches of cervical spinal ns
between what two structures do rectus capitis anterior m. and rectus capitus lateralis m. attach?
atlas => occipital
what do the arytenoid muscles do?
squeeze arytenoid cartilages together
what are the laryngeal muscles innervated by?
what is the exception?
recurrent laryngeal n
EXCEPT cricothyroid m. is innervated by the external laryngeal n.
what do the muscles attaching to the styloid process do?
elevate the pharynx when swallowing
what do the pharyngeal ms do?
elevate the pharynx and larynx
what muscles attach to the pharyngeal raphe?
superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor ms.
to what structure does the pharyngeal raphe attach?
pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone
what are the infrahyoid muscles innervated by?
what is the exception?
ansa cervicalis
EXCEPT thyrohyoid m., innervated by C1 via hypoglossal n
how can you differentiate the stylohyoid from the digastric m?
stylohyoid m stays muscular, digastric m. has a tendon in the middle (forming two muscle bellies)
what muscle must be reflected in order to see the geniohyoid m?
mylohyoid m.
what two muscles form the borders of the stylomastoid foramen and what is transmitted through it?
digastric m. and stylohyoid m.
facial n. passes through the formen then innervates these ms.
what structures split the sub-triangles of the anterior triangle
hyoid bone, anterior belly of digastric m. and superior belly of omohyoid m.
what two subtriangles are above the hyoid? what separates them?
submandibular and submental
separated by anterior belly of digastric m.
what two subtriangles are below the hyoid? what separates them?
carotid and muscular
separated by superior belly of omohyoid m.
what is contained in the submental triangle?
submental LNs & small veins forming anterior jugular
what is contained in the submandibular triangle?
most important: SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND AND HYPOGLOSSAL N
also mylohyoid n, submental a and facial a
what is contained in the muscular triangle?
thyroid & parathyroid glands
sternohyoid & sternothyroid ms.
what is contained in the carotid triangle?
hypoglossal n internal jugular v vagus n external & common carotids ansa cervicalis
what are the general actions of the scalenes?
lateral flexion and rib elevation
what is spasmodic torticollis?
adult onset, abnormal tonicity of cervical ms
what muscle is affected in congenital torticollis?
SCM has a fibrous tissue tumor casing head to turn away from affected side
what nerve can be affected in congenital torticollis?
spinal accessory n (CN VI) => denervation of SCM
b/c hematoma formation
what two muscles are innervated by CN VI?
traps & SCM
what is the action of the SCM
lateral flexion of the neck and rotating away
what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
anterior: SCM
posterior: trapezius
inferior: clavicle
what structure separates the sub-triangles of the posterior triangle?
what are the subtriangles?
omohyoid m => occipital triangle and omoclavicular triangle
what are the contents of the occipital triangle
external jugular v
posterior branches of cervical plexus
transverse cervical a
what are the contents of the omoclavicular triangle
3rd part of subclavian a
suprascapular a
what are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?
anterior: midline of neck
posterior: SCM
superior: body of mandible
