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Head & Neck > Neck endo/pulm/GI > Flashcards

Neck endo/pulm/GI Flashcards

1
Q

what is the voluntary phase of swallowing?

A

food pushed to back of mouth by pushing tongue against palate

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2
Q

what structure seals off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx when swallowing?

A

soft palate is elevated to seal off these structures

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3
Q

what muscles elevate the larynx when swallowing?

what affect does this have on the pharynx?

A

suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal ms.

pharynx shortens & widens

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4
Q

what muscles force food down the pharynx?

A

superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles contract sequentially

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5
Q

what condition is caused by persistance of the embryonic cervical sinus which does not communicate externally?

A

brachial cyst

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6
Q

what nerves can be impinged by a brachial cyst?

A

hypoglossal (CN XII)
glossopharyngeal (CN IV)
spinal accessory (CN XI)

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7
Q

where can the openings of a brachial sinus be found?

A

anywhere along the SCM

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8
Q

what is the cause of a brachial sinus?

A

failure of the embryonic cervical sinus to close

-communicates externally, not internally

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9
Q

between what two structures does a brachial fistula exist

A

tonsillar cleft and lateral neck

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10
Q

what causes a brachial fistula?

A

persistence of 2nd pharyngeal pouch and 2nd pharyngeal groove

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11
Q

what structure makes up the anterior pillar of the fauces?

A

palatoglossal arch

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12
Q

what structure makes up the posterior pillar of the fauces?

A

palatopharyngeal arch

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13
Q

what structure ends inferiorly as the uvula?

A

soft palate

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14
Q

between what two structures is the isthmus of the fauces?

A

epiglottis and uvula

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15
Q

how is malignant laryngeal cancer treated?

A

laryngectomy and tracheostomy

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16
Q

what is the complication of laryngectomy we discussed

A

inability to speak!

17
Q

when does the voice deepen and why?

A

puberty - anterior growth of the laryngeal cartilages due to increased testosterone
aging - ossification of the laryngeal cartilages

18
Q

what structures must be passed to perform a tracheostomy?

A

skin => infra-hyoid ms => thyroid gland => tracheal cartilage

19
Q

where is the tracheostomy tube usually inserted

A

2nd or 3rd tracheal ring

20
Q

when would a cricothyrotomy be performed?

A

emergency, when intubation is not possible

21
Q

where is a needle passed to permit entry of air in a cricothyrotomy

A

between cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

22
Q

how does the hemlich maneuver dislodge FBs?

A

increased abdominal pressure => force air out of lungs => air forces FB out

23
Q

what is the rima glottidis and when is it used?

A

space between vocal folds

manipulated when speaking

24
Q

what are the true vocal cords?

A

vocal folds

25
Q

what structure is the torus tubaris associated with

A

it leads into the pharyngo-tympanic tube

26
Q

what structure leads into the oral cavity?

A

fauces

27
Q

what structure leads into the nasal cavity?

A

choana

28
Q

what nerve is at risk of damage in thyroidectomy?

A

recurrent laryngeal n

29
Q

whats structures complicate thyroidectomy?

A

rich blood supple to the thyroid gland, recurrent laryngeal ns, parathyroid glands

30
Q

what is a thyroid ima artery?

A

an small unpaired artery which supplies the isthmus is 10% of people

31
Q

what two atypical structures can complicate a tracheostomy?

A

thyroid ima artery

pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland

32
Q

what structure is associated with abberant thyroid tissue?

A

embryonic thyroglossal duct

33
Q

what issues can arise secondary to a thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

difficulty swallowing, issues w/ hyoid bone

34
Q

in what cervical triangle are the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

A

MUSCULAR

Head & Neck (7 decks)

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