Neck endo/pulm/GI Flashcards
what is the voluntary phase of swallowing?
food pushed to back of mouth by pushing tongue against palate
what structure seals off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx when swallowing?
soft palate is elevated to seal off these structures
what muscles elevate the larynx when swallowing?
what affect does this have on the pharynx?
suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal ms.
pharynx shortens & widens
what muscles force food down the pharynx?
superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles contract sequentially
what condition is caused by persistance of the embryonic cervical sinus which does not communicate externally?
brachial cyst
what nerves can be impinged by a brachial cyst?
hypoglossal (CN XII)
glossopharyngeal (CN IV)
spinal accessory (CN XI)
where can the openings of a brachial sinus be found?
anywhere along the SCM
what is the cause of a brachial sinus?
failure of the embryonic cervical sinus to close
-communicates externally, not internally
between what two structures does a brachial fistula exist
tonsillar cleft and lateral neck
what causes a brachial fistula?
persistence of 2nd pharyngeal pouch and 2nd pharyngeal groove
what structure makes up the anterior pillar of the fauces?
palatoglossal arch
what structure makes up the posterior pillar of the fauces?
palatopharyngeal arch
what structure ends inferiorly as the uvula?
soft palate
between what two structures is the isthmus of the fauces?
epiglottis and uvula
how is malignant laryngeal cancer treated?
laryngectomy and tracheostomy
what is the complication of laryngectomy we discussed
inability to speak!
when does the voice deepen and why?
puberty - anterior growth of the laryngeal cartilages due to increased testosterone
aging - ossification of the laryngeal cartilages
what structures must be passed to perform a tracheostomy?
skin => infra-hyoid ms => thyroid gland => tracheal cartilage
where is the tracheostomy tube usually inserted
2nd or 3rd tracheal ring
when would a cricothyrotomy be performed?
emergency, when intubation is not possible
where is a needle passed to permit entry of air in a cricothyrotomy
between cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage
how does the hemlich maneuver dislodge FBs?
increased abdominal pressure => force air out of lungs => air forces FB out
what is the rima glottidis and when is it used?
space between vocal folds
manipulated when speaking
what are the true vocal cords?
vocal folds
what structure is the torus tubaris associated with
it leads into the pharyngo-tympanic tube
what structure leads into the oral cavity?
fauces
what structure leads into the nasal cavity?
choana
what nerve is at risk of damage in thyroidectomy?
recurrent laryngeal n
whats structures complicate thyroidectomy?
rich blood supple to the thyroid gland, recurrent laryngeal ns, parathyroid glands
what is a thyroid ima artery?
an small unpaired artery which supplies the isthmus is 10% of people
what two atypical structures can complicate a tracheostomy?
thyroid ima artery
pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland
what structure is associated with abberant thyroid tissue?
embryonic thyroglossal duct
what issues can arise secondary to a thyroglossal duct cyst?
difficulty swallowing, issues w/ hyoid bone
in what cervical triangle are the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
MUSCULAR
