Neck Lumps Flashcards
what bounds the anterior triangle
mandible superiorly
midline medially
anterior border SCM laterally
what bounds the posterior triangle
posterior border SCM anteriorly
anterior border trapezius laterally
clavicle inferiorly
what are causes of superficial swellings
Sebaceous Cysts
Lipomas
Neurofibromas
what are causes of midline swellings
Thyroid
Thyroglossal Cyst
Dermoid Cyst
what questions are important to think about with neck lumps during examination
Does it move on swallowing
Does it move on sticking out the tongue
what are causes of anterior triangles swellings
Lymph Nodes
Branchial Cyst
Salivary glands
Carotid Body Tumour
what are causes of posterior triangle swellings
lymph nodes
cystic hygroma
what are the most common causes of neck lumps
lymph nodes - 85%
goitre - 8%
other - 7%
what can cause cervical lymphadenopathy
infective
malignant
Haematological - leukaemia/lymphoma
what symptoms are linked with cervical lymphadenopathy
fever, weight loss, sweats
hoarseness, cough, dyspnoea
Ix for Cervical Lymphadenopathy
chest x-ray
FNA
what is important to clarify in a thyroid swelling
solitary
or
multi-nodular goitre
what are thyroglossal cysts and how do they present
cysts in any part of thyroglossal tract
MOVES W/ TONGUE
usually present in teens
what are features of dermoid cysts
rare congenital cysts
teen years usually
soft, non fluctuant
what is a brachial cysts
Persisting second branchial arch Arises in upper part of ant. Triangle Usually presents in teenage years “half filled hot water bottle” can create a fistulae
what would be found on a FNA brachial cysts
cholesterol crystals
what are cystic hygroma
present in first year
congenital multiloculated lymphatic lesion
seen in posterior triangle commonly (but can be seen in any lymph nodes)
features of cystic hygroma
pressure symptoms
lymph filled
transilluminate
what can cause a lump submandibular salivary glands
stone
pleomorphic adenoma
what can cause a lump in the parotid salivary gland
infective cause
pleomorphic adenoma
stone
Ix of thyroid swelling
1st line - TSH
2nd line - USS-FNA
what is the staging used in thyroid malignancy
Thy1 - Inadequate
Thy2 - Benign
Thy3 - suspicious
Thy4 - Malignant
Tx of thyroid swelling
Thy 1- repeat FNA
Thy 2 – repeat FNA 6/12
Thy 3 – thyroid lobectomy
Thy 4-5 – total thyroidectomy
