Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM II > Neck and C Spine Exam > Flashcards

Neck and C Spine Exam Flashcards

1
Q

anterior triangle

A

mandible SCM midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

posterior triangle

A

SCM trapezius clavicle omohyoid crosses lower portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

flexion - chin to chest

A

45‐90°

SCM, scalene, prevertebral muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extension

A

70‐90°

Splenius capitus, splenius cervicis, intrinsic spinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

rotation

A

70‐90°

SCM, intrinsic spinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SB

A

20‐45°

Scalenes, intrinsics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

thyroid exam

A
  1. To locate, use cues from visual inspection. Isthmus overlies
    2nd‐4th tracheal rings. Have pt flex neck slightly to relax SCMs.
    Place fingers of both hands on pt’s neck so that index fingers
    just below cricoid cartilage. Have pt swallow so thyroid rises
    up under finger pads.
  2. Displace trachea to right and palpate right lobe. Repeat for
    left lobe. Anterior surface of a lateral lobe is approx. the size
    of the distal phalanx of thumb and feels somewhat rubbery.
  3. If enlarged, listen over lateral lobes to detect bruit which may
    be heard in hyperthyroidism.
  4. Findings:
    a. Goiters‐Simple (non‐nodular) or multinodular
    b. Graves’ disease – soft
    c. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and malignancy – firm
    d. Thyroiditis‐tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mm strength C1

A

resisted R ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mm strength C2-4

A

scapular elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mm strength C5

A

shoulder AB deltoid m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mm strength C6

A

elbow flexion (biceps) wrist extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mm strength C7

A

elbow extension (triceps) wrist flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mm strength C8

A

finger flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mm strength T1

A

finger AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C1-C4

A

lesser occipital
greater auricular
cervical cutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

C4

A

superior shoulder/lateral neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C5

A

Lateral upper arm (over deltoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C6

A

lateral forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

C7

A

middle finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

C8

A

Right/little finger, medial wrist and forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T1

A

Medial elbow and upper arm

22
Q

biceps reflex

A

C5

23
Q

brachioradialis

A

C6

24
Q

triceps

A

C7

25
Q

Compression test & Spurling’s

maneuver – Seated or supine

A

Compression can cause increased pain by narrowing the neural
(intervertebral) foramen, pressure on the facets, or initiating muscle spasm
Compression test – with head and neck in neutral position add an
axial loading force caudally looking for upper extremity pain,
paresthesias, or numbness
Spurling’s – Tests nerve root compression/irritation. Tested with
axial force in neutral, then extension, then SB/rotation toward;
test of high specificity
(+) test = Reproduction of symptoms (pain/neurological symptoms in
distribution of nerve root)

26
Q

Neck Distraction Test - Seated or

supine

A

Relief of pain with cervical distraction, opposite of compression test
Doctor places one hand under the
patient’s chin & places the other hand
around the occiput.The doctor
slowly distracts the head.
(+) test= alleviation of symptoms
indicating central compression or central neuropathy

27
Q

valsalva test

A

Pt. holds breath and bears down. (+) test = increased pain/paresthesia, especially in nerve root distribution.
Valsalva
↑intrathecal pressure. In presence of space occupying
lesion in cervical canal, this pressure may cause pain in cervical
spine as well as radiation of pain to dermatomal distribution.

28
Q

thoracic outlet boundaries

A

Boundaries = 1st ribs, 1st thoracic vertebra, manubrium
Thoracic duct passes through fascial diaphragm twice (left side); Rt
lymphatic duct drains body’s right upper quadrant
Broken into vasculogenic & neurogenic
Structures: brachial plexus, subclavian v, subclavian a
Best thought of as 3 possible zones: scalene triangle, costoclavicular
space, retropectoralis minor

29
Q

Roos or EAST Test

A

Compression of subclavian a.
Abduct shoulder to 90° & externally rotate with elbow flexed to 90°;
Doc instructs pt to open & close fist for up to 3 minutes
(+) = reproduction of symptoms (incr pain at shoulder & down arm,
paresthesia, arm pallor, cyanosis and swelling)

30
Q

Adson Test

A

Neurovascular bundle (specifically subclavian artery) compressed by
tight scalene muscles or 1st rib
Locate radial pulse on affected arm. Pt breathes deeply. Doc
abducts, extends & ext rotates the shoulder while palpating the
radial pulse. Head is extended & rotated toward affected side.
(Looking towards dysfunctional side‐1st rib etiology)
Then the pt’s head is extended & rotated away from affected side.
(looking away from dysfunctional side‐tight scalene muscles).
(+)= loss or change in pulse, reproduction of symptoms
(+) test indicates compression of subclavian artery between scalenes,
cervical rib, or 1st rib

31
Q

Wright’s Hyperabduction Test

A

NV bundle compressed by tight pectoralis minor
Doc locates and monitors the radial pulse on the affected side.The
patient is seated. Stand behind the patient and palpate the radial
pulse with one hand. Abduct the patient’s arm above his or her
head with some extension.
(+)= loss or change in pulse; exacerbation of pain/paresthesia
(reproduction of symptoms)
(+) test indicates neurovascular entrapment by pectoralis minor
muscle

32
Q

Costoclavicular Test

A

Extend shoulder and caudal pressure on shoulder noting change in
radial pulse – NV bundle compressed by clavicle and rib 1
Pt seated with Doc behind pt.Contact the ipsilateral wrist at the
radial pulse, extend the shoulder, with elbow extended and wrist
supinated and apply caudal pressure on the shoulder
(+)= decrease in radial pulse
(+) test indicates thoracic outlet synd due to decrease space
between rib 1 & clavicle

33
Q

nuchal rigidity

A

(+) test = Marked neck stiffness/resistance to flexion
Found in 57‐92% cases of acute bacterial meningitis, and 21‐86%
of subarachnoid hemorrhage

34
Q

brudzinski’s

A

(+) test = flexion in both hips and knees

Low sensitivity, specificity data limited.

35
Q

subluxation

A

w/o fracture

36
Q

dislocation

A

w/ or w/o neurologic injury

37
Q

fracture

A

w/ or w/o neurologic injury

38
Q

flexion injury

A

anterior subluxation wedge tx

39
Q

extension injury

A

C1, hangaman’s fx (C2) teardrops fx

40
Q

axial compression injury

A

jefferson fx (C1)

41
Q

motor vehicle accident

A

C1 most common, also C5, C6, C7

42
Q

falls and sports injuries

A

C5, C6, C7

43
Q

clay shovelers’

A

C6 and C7

44
Q

jefferson fracture

A

C1 burst fracture (axial compression injury)

45
Q

Dens fracture

A

C2 odontoid fracture at junction of process & body

Often requires surgery

46
Q

hangman’s fracture

A

Hyperextension

Bilateral arch fracture, unstable

47
Q

spinous process fracture

A

Hyperextension or avulsion force from muscle contraction

Clay Shovelers’ fx – C6 or C7

48
Q

teardrop fracture

A

Fracture & dislocation
Flexion & compression injury
Anterior‐inferior teardrop fragment: unstable

49
Q

wedge fracture

A

Compression, flexion loading force

50
Q

burst fracture

A

Comminuted (ex. Diving injury)

Can result in severe spinal cord injury

51
Q

anterior subluxation

A

facet dislocation without fracture
Flexion injury
Unilateral or bilateral facet dislocation

PCM II (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions