Neck and Back Muscles Flashcards
Trapezius (Transverse)
Origin- Nuchal ligament at T1-T4 spinous process
Insertion- Acromion
Innervation- Accessory n. (CN XI) C3-C4 cervical plexus
Action- Draws scapula medially
Trapezius (Ascending)
Origin- Spinous process T5-T12
Insertion- Scapula Spine
Innervation- Accessory n. (CN XI) C3-C4 cervical plexus
Action- Draws scapula medially downward
Rhomboid major
Origin- Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae
Insertion- Medial border of scapula below scapular spine
Innervation- Dorsal scapular n. (C4-C5)
Action- draws scapula medially upward. Stabilizes scapula
Rhomboid minor
Origin- Spinous process of C7-T1
Insertion- medial border of the scapula above scapular spine
Innervation- Dorsal Scapular n. C4-C5
Action- draws scapular medially upward. Stabilizes the scapula
Levator Scapulae
Origin- Transverse process C1-C4
Insertion- superior angle of the scapula
Innervation- Dorsal scapular. C4-C5
Action- Draws scapula medially upward while moving inferior angle medially; inclines neck to same side
Latissimius Dorsi
Origin-Spinous process T7-T12, thorocolumbar fascia, inferior angle, 9th-12th ribs, iliac crest (posterior 1/3)
Insertion- Floor of intertubecular lip. Crest of lesser tuberosity of humerous
Innervation- Thorocodorsal n. C6-C8
Action- IR, ADD, EXT, respiration
Posterior Serratus Superior
Origin- Nuchal Ligament C7-T3 (spinous process)
Insertion- 2nd-4th ribs (superior border)
Innervation- Spinal n. T2-T5
Action- Elevate Ribs
Posterior Serratus Inferior
Origin- T11-L2 spinous process
Insertion- 8th-12th ribs inferior borders
Innervation- Spinal n. T9-T12
Action- Depress ribs
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Origin- 3rd-7th ribs
Insertion- C4-C6 (transverse process)
Inn- Spinal n.
A- Bilateral: extends spine. Unilateral: lateral flexion to same side
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Origin- 7th-12th ribs
Insertion- 1st-6th ribs
Innervation- Spinal n.
A- Bilateral: extends spine. Unilateral: lateral flexion same side
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Origin- Sacrum, iliac crest, thorocolumbar fascia
Insertion- 6th-12th ribs, deep layer thorocolumbar fascia
Innervation- spinal n.
A- Bilateral: extends spine. Unilateral: lateral flexion same side
Longissimus Capitis
Origin- T1-T3 transverse process, C4-C7 transverse and articular proc.
Insertion- Mastoid process
Innervation- spinal n. C1-L5, posterior rami, lateral branches
A- Bilateral: Extends the head. Unilateral: Flexes and rotates to same side
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin- T1-T6 transverse process
Insertion- C2-C5 transverse process
Innervation- spinal n. C1-L5, posterior rami, lateral branches
Action- Bilateral: Extends spine. Unilateral: lateral flexion spine to same side
Longissimus Thoracis
Origin-Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous process lumbar, lower thoracic transverse process
Insertion- 2nd-12th ribs, costal process lumbar, transverse process of thoracic
Innervation- spinal n.
Action- Bilateral: Extends spine. Unilateral: lateral flexion spine to same side
Spinalis Cervicis
Origin- C5-T2 spinous process
Insertion- C2-C5 spinous process
Innervation- spinal n. (Posterior rami)
Action- Bilateral: Extends cervical and thoracic. Unilateral: Bends Cervical and thoracic to same side
Spinalis thoracis
Origin- T10-L3 spinous process
Insertion- T2-T8 spinous
Innervation- spinal n. (Posterior rami)
Action- Bilateral: Extends cervical and thoracic spine. Unilateral: bends cervical and thoracic to same side
Splenius Capitis
Origin-Nuchal ligament, C3-C7 spinous process
Insertion- Lateral superior nuchal line, mastoid process
Innervation- spinal n. C1-C6 (posterior rami, lateral branches)
Action- Bilateral: Extends CS and head. Unilateral: Flexes and rotates head to same side
Splenius Cervicis
Origin- T3-T6 spinous process
Insertion- C1-C2 transverse process
Innervation- spinal n. C1-C6 (posterior rami, lateral branches)
Action- Bilateral: Extends CS and head. Unilateral: Flexes and rotates head to same side.
Trapezius (Descending)
Origin- superior nuchal line; spinous process C1-C7
Insertion- lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Innervation- Accessory nerve (CN XI) C3-C4 cervical plexus
Action-Elevates scapula obliquely upward; rotates glenoid superiorly
Rotatores brevis
Origin- T1-T12 between transverse and SP of adjacent vertebrae.
Insertions-Same as Origin
Innervation- Spinal n. (posterior rami)
Action- Proprioception of the vertebrae
Rotatores longi
Origin: T1-T12 between transverse and SP, skipping one vertebrae.
Insertion: Same as Origin
Innervation: Spinal n. (posterior rami)
Action: proprioception of the vertebrae
Multifidus
Origin: C2-Sacrum between transverse & SP skipping 2-4 vertebrae.
Insertion: Same as Origin
Innervation: Spinal n. (posterior rami)
Action: Bilateral- Extends Spine. Unilateral- Flex spine to same side, rotates to opp. side.
Semispinalis capitis
Origin: C4-T7 transverse and articular process
Insertion: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Innervation: Spinal n. (posterior rami)
Action: Bilateral- Ext. TS & CS and head. Unilateral- Bends head, CS & TS to same side, rot. to opp. side.
Semispinalis cervicis
Origin: T1-T6 transverse process
Insertion: C2-C5 spinous process
Innervation: Spinal n. (posterior rami)
Action: Bilateral- Ext. TS & CS & head. Unilateral- Bends head, CS & TS to same sid, rot. to opp. side.
Rectus Capitis posterior major
Origin: C2 spinous process
Insertion: Inferior nuchal line, middle third
Innervation: C1 (posterior ramus= suboccipital n.)
Action: Bilateral- Ext. head. Unilateral- Rotates head to same side
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Origin: C1 posterior tubercle
Insertion: Inferior nuchal line, inner third
Innervation: C1 (Posterior ramus, suboccipital n.)
Action: Bilateral- Ext. head. Unilateral- Rot. head to same side
Obliquus captifs superior
Origin: C1 transverse process
Insertion: Inferior nuchal line, middle third.
Innervation: C1 (post. ramus, suboccipital n.)
Action: Bilateral- Ext. head. Unilateral- Tilt head to same side, rotate head to opp. side.
Oblique capitis inferior
Origin: C2 spinous process
Insertion: C1 transverse process
Innervation: C1 (posterior ramus, suboccipital n.)
Action: Bilateral- Ext. head. Unilateral- Rotates head to same side.
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Manubrium, Medial 1/3 of the clavicle.
Insertion: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Action: Bil: Extend the head. Unil: Tilt head to same side and rot. to opp. side.
Anterior Scalene
Origin: Anterior tubercles of transverse process of C3-C6
Insertion: Scalene tubercle of 1st rib
Innervation: Cervical and brachial plexus C3-C8
Action: elevate ribs during forced respiration (with ribs mobile), Unil: bend CS to same side. Bil: flex neck
Middle Scalene
Origin: Transverse process of C1-C2 and post. tubercles of transverse process of C3-C7.
Insertion: 1st rib posterior to groove for subclavian a.
Innervation: cervical and brachial plexus C3-C8
Action: (with ribs mobile) elevate ribs during forced respiration. (fixed ribs) Unil: bend CS to same side. Bil: flex the neck
Posterior Scalene
Origin: Posterior tubercles of the transverse process C5-C7
Insertion: outer surface of 2nd rib
Innervation: cervical and brachial plexus C3-C8
Action: (ribs mobile) elevate ribs during forced respiration. (fixed ribs) Unil: bend CS to same side. Bil: flex the neck.
Omohyoid
O: superior border of scapula
I: Hyoid
Inn: Anas cervicus
A: Depresses hyoid bone
