Lower Limb Flashcards
Psoas Major
O: Superficial- T12-L4 and lateral surfaces of IV disks
Deep- L1-L5 transverse process
I: Lesser Tranchanter
Inn: Direct branches from lumbar plexus (L2-L4)
A: Flexion and ER of hip
Trunk flexion when supine, ipslateral lateral flexion
Iliacus
O: Iliac Fossa
I: Lesser trochanter
Inn: Femoral n. (L2-L4)
A: Flexion and ER of hip
Trunk flexion when supine, ipslateral lateral flexionGluteus Maximus
O: Dorsal Lateral surface of sacrum, gluteal surface of ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
I: Upper fibers- IT band
Lower fibers- gluteal tuberosity
Inn: Inferior gluteal n. (L5-S2)
A: Extends and ER hip
Upper fibers- hip abd
Lower fibers- hip addGluteus Medius
O: Gluteal surface of ilium, b/w iliac crest and ant./post. gluteal lines
I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter on femur
Inn: Superior Gluteal n. (L4-S1)
A: Hip Abd, stabilizes pelvis
Anterior part- hip flexion and IR
Posterior part- hip ext. and ER
Gluteus Minimus
O: Gluteal of ilium b/w Ant./ inf. gluteal lines
I: Anterolateral surface of greater trochanter on femur
Inn: Superior Gluteal n. (L4-S1)
A: Hip Abd, stabilizes pelvis
Anterior part- hip flexion and IR
Posterior part- hip ext. and ER
Tensor Fascia Latae
O: ASIS
I: IT band
Inn: Superior Gluteal n. (L4-S1)
A: Tenses facia lata, Hip Abd, flex, and IR
Piriformis
O: Pelvic Surface of sacrum
I: Apex of greater trochanter on femur
Inn: Direct branches of sacral plexus
A: Hip ER, Add, and Ext. Stabilizes hip joint
Obturator Internus
O: Inner surface of obturator and obturator membrane
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter on femur
Inn: N. to obturator internus (L5,S1)
A: Hip ER, Add, and ext.
Gemelli
O: Gemellus Superior- ischial spine
Gemellus Inferior- Ischial tuberosity
I: Together w/ obturator internus
Inn: Superior- N. to obturator internus (L5,S1)
Inferior- N. to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)
A: Hip ER, Add, and Ext
Quadratus Femoris
O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Inn: N. to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)
A: Hip ER and Add
Pectineus
O: Pectin Pubis
I: Pectineal line
Inn: Femoral n. and obturator n. (L2,L3)
A: Hip Add, ER, and Slight Flex. Stabilizes pelvis in coronal plane and sagittal plane
Adductor Longus
O: Superior Pubic Ramus and anterior side pubic symphasis
I: Middle 1/3 on Medial lip of linea aspera on the femur
Inn: Obturator n. (L2-L4)
A: Hip Add. Flexion up to 70 degrees and extension past 80 degrees of flexion. Stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes
Adductor brevis
O: Inferior Pubic Ramus
I: Pectineal line and proximal 1/3 of linea aspera (medial lip)
Inn: Obturator n. ( L2,L3)
A: Hip Add. Flexion up to 70 degrees and extension past 80 degrees of flexion. Stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes
Adductor Magnus
O: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor part- Medial lip of linea aspera
Hamstring part- adductor tubercle of femur
Inn: Adductor Part- Obturator n.
Hamsting Part- tibial n.
A: Hip Add, Ext, and slight flexion. Stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane
Gracilis
O: Inferior pubic rams below pubic symphysis
I: Medial border of tibial tuberosity (Pes Anserine)
Inn: Obturator n. (L2, L3)
A: Hip Add and flexion
Knee flexion and IR
Obturator Externus
O: Outer surface of obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
Inn: Obturator n. (L3,L4)
A: Hip Add, and ER. Stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
Sartorius
O: ASIS
I: Medial border of tibial tuberosity (Pes Anserine)
Inn: Femoral n. (L2, L3)
A: Hip Flex, Abd, and ER
Knee- flexion and IRRectus Femoris
O: AIIS, Roof of acetabulum
I: Tibial Tuberosity via patellar ligament
Inn: Femoral n. (L2-L4)
A: Hip flexion and Knee extension
Vastus Medialis
O: Medial lip of linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
I: Side of tibial tuberosity on medial condyle, via medial retinaculum
Inn: Femoral n. (L2-L4)
A: Knee extension
Vastus Lateralis
O: Lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral surface of greater trochanter
I: Side of tibial tuberosity on lateral condyle, via longitudinal retinaculum
Inn: Femoral n. (L2-L4)
A: Knee Extension
Vastus Intermedus
O: Anterior side of femoral shaft
I: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Inn: Femoral n. (L2-L4)
A: Knee extension
Biceps Femoris
O: Long Head- Ischial Tuberosity, Sacrotuberous ligament
Short Head- Lateral lip of linea aspera
I: Head of fibula
Inn: LH- Tibial n. (L5-S2)
SH- Common Fibular n. (L5-S2)
A: LH- Hip Ext, Knee flex and ER
SH- Knee flex and ER
Semimembranosus
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Medial tibial condyle, popilteal ligament, popiliteus fascia
Inn: Tibial n. (L5-S2)
A: Hip Ext, Knee flex and IR
Semitendinosus
O: Ischial Tuberosity and Sacrotuberous ligament
I: Medial tibial tuberosity (Pes Anserine)
Inn: Tibial n. (L5-S2)
A: Hip ext, Knee Flex and IR
Fibularis Longus
O: Fibula head, proximal 2/3 of lateral surface
I: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (plantar surface)
Inn: Superficial fibular n. (L5,S1)
A: Plantar flexion, eversion, and supports transverse arch
Fibularis Brevis
O: Distal half of lateral surface of fibula
I: tuberosity at the base of the 5th metatarsal
Inn: Superficial fibular n. (L5,S1)
A: plantar flexion and supports transverse arch
Tibialis Anterior
O: Upper 2/3 of lateral tibia, interosseous membrane, and crural fascia
I: medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
Inn: Deep fibular n. (L4,L5)
A: Dorsiflexion and inversion
Extensor Hallucis Longus
O: Middle 1/3 of the medial fibula, and interosseous membrane
I: base of 1st distal phalanx
Inn: Deep fibular n. (L4,L5)
A: Dorsiflexion, extends MTP and IP of 1st digit
Extensor Digitorum Longus
O: Head and medial surface of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
I: base of distal phalanx 2-5th digits
Inn: Deep fibular n. (L4,L5)
A: Dorsiflexion, eversion, extends MTP and IP 2-5
Fibularis Tertius
O: Anterior border of distal fibula
I: base of 5th metatarsal
Inn: Deep fibular n. (L4,L5)
A: Dorsiflexion, eversion
Gastrocnemius
O: medial and lateral epicondyles of femur
I: Calcaneal tuberosity via achilles tendon
Inn: Tibial n. (S1,S2)
A: Plantar flexion, knee flexion
Soleus
O: Posterios fibula, head and neck, soleal line on tibia
I: Calcaneal tuberosity via achilles tendon
Inn: Tibial n. (S1,S2)
A: Plantar flexion
Plantaris
O: Lateral epicondyle of femur, proximal to gastrocnemius
I: Calcaneal tuberosity
Inn: Tibial n. (S1,S2)
A: Negligible
Tibialis Posterior
O: IO membrane, borders of tibia and fibula
I: Navicular tuberosity, 3 cuneiforms, base of metatarsals 2-4
Inn: Tibial n. (L5-S2)
A: Plantar flexion, inversion, supports longitudinal and transverse arches
Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: Middle 2/3 of posterior tibia
I: base of distal phalanges 2-5th
Inn: Tibial n. (L5-S2)
A: Plantar flexion, inversion, Flexion at MTP and IP 2-5 jts
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, IO membrane
I: Base of 1st distal phalanx
Inn: Tibial n. (L5-S2)
A: Plantar flexion, inversion, flexion of MTP and IP at 1st toe, Supports medial longitudinal arch
Popliteus
O: Lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of lateral meniscus
I: Posterior tibial surface, above soleus
Inn: Tibial n. (L4-S1)
A: Knee flexion and IR, Stabilizes knee
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: Base of middle phalanges 2-4
Inn: Deep fibular n. (L5,S1)
A: Extension of MTP and PIP 2-4
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
O: Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I: Proximal Phalanx of 1st toe
Inn: Deep fibular n. (L5,S1)
A: Extension of MTP of 1st toe
Abductor Hallucis
O: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe
Inn: Medial Plantar n. (S1,S2)
A: Flex./ Abd of 1st toe. Supports arch
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
O: Medial Tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity
I: sides of middle phalanges of 2-5
Inn: Medial Plantar n. (S1,S2)
A: Flexes MTP and PIP jts 2-5. Supports arch
Abductor Digit Minimi
O: Medial Tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe. Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
Inn: Lateral Plantar n. (S1-S3)
A: Flexs, Abd 5th toe. Supports arch
Quadratus Plantae
O: Medial and plantar border of calcaneal tuberosity
I: Lateral border of flexor digitorum longus tendon
Inn: Lateral Plantar n. (S1-S3)
A: Redirects and augments pull of FDL
Lumbricals (4)
O: Medial borders of FDL tendons
I: Dorsal aponeurosis of toes 2-5
Inn: 1st lumbrical- Medial Plantar n. (S2,S3)
2-4 Lumbrical- Lateral Plantar n. (S2,S3)
A: Flexes MTP 2-5. Ext. of IP 2-5. Adducts toes 2-5 toward big toe
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: Cuboid, Lateral cunieforms, and plantar calcaneocuboid ligament.
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe, via sesamoids
Inn: Medial head- Medial Plantar n. (S1,S2)
Lateral head- Lateral Plantar n. (S1,S2)
A: Flex of 1st MTP
Adductor Hallucis
O: Oblique head- base of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head- MTPs 3-5
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe
Inn: Deep branch of lateral plantar n. (S2,S3)
A: Flexes and Add of 1st toeFlexor Digit Minimi
O: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
Inn: Lateral Plantar n. (S2,S3)
A: Flex of MTP of 5th toe
Plantar Interossei (3)
O: Medial border of metatarsals 3-5
I: Medial base of proximal phalanx of toe 3-5
Inn: Lateral Plantar n. (S2, S3)
A: Flex of MTP 3-5, Ext IP 3-5, Add of toes 3-5 toward 2nd toe
Dorsal Interossei (4)
O: Metatarsal 1-5
I: 1st- medial base of 2nd proximal phalanx
2nd-4th- Lateral base of proximal phalanges 2-4, dorsal aponeurosis of toes 2-4
Inn: Lateral Plantar n. (S2,S3)
A: Flex of MTP 2-4, Ext. IP 2-4, Abd toes 3-4 from 2nd toe
