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clinical medicine > Neck anatomy > Flashcards

Neck anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

What is the content (muscles) of the POSTERIOR triangle?

A

scalenes, levator scapula, splenius capitis, inferior omohyoid

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1
Q

What are the borders of the POSTERIOR triangle?

A

SCM, clavicle, upper trap

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2
Q

What is the content (vessels) of the POSTERIOR triangle?

A

EJV, lymph nodes (supraclavicular, superficial cervical), transverse cervical, suprascapular, and subclavian arteries

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3
Q

What is the content (nerves) of the POSTERIOR triangle?

A

CN11 (accessory), brachial plexus, cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

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4
Q

What are the borders of the ANTERIOR triangle?

A

SCM, midline, mandible

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5
Q

What are the sub-divisions of the ANTERIOR triangle?

A

submandibular, carotid, muscular, submental

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6
Q

What are the borders of the SUBMANDIBULAR triangle?

A

Mandible, anterior digastric, posterior digastric

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7
Q

What is the content of the SUBMANDIBULAR triangle?

A

submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, CN 12 (hypoglossal)

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8
Q

What are the borders of the CAROTID triangle?

A

SCM, posterior digastric, superior omohyoid

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9
Q

What is the content of the CAROTID triangle?

A 
carotid sheath (CCA, ECA, IJV, CN10-vagus)
CN 11 (accessory)
CN 12 (hypoglossal)
Thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx
Cervical lymph nodes
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10
Q

What are the borders of the MUSCULAR triangle?

A

Midline, SCM, superior omohyoid

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11
Q

What is the content of the MUSCULAR triangle?

A

Infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

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12
Q

What are the borders of the SUBMENTAL triangle?

A

Hyoid bone, right anterior digastric, left anterior digastric

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13
Q

What is the content of the SUBMENTAL tringle?

A

Submental lymph node

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14
Q

What makes up the anterior neck?

Not the anterior triangle

A
  • SCM
  • Hyoid bone
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Thyroid gland
  • Jugular notch
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15
Q

What makes up the posterior neck?

not the posterior triangle

A
  • Upper trapezius
  • Sub-occipital region
  • C7 spinal process
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16
Q

What makes up the lateral neck?

A
  • Upper trapezius
  • SCM
  • External jugular vein
  • Supraclavicular fossa
  • Subclavian artery
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17
Q

What are the landmarks in the lateral view of the neck in an x-ray?

A
  • C1-C7
  • C1 posterior arch
  • Spinous process of C2-C7
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18
Q

What are the landmarks in the AP (anterior-posterior) view of the neck in an x-ray?

A
  • Spinous process

- Tracheal shadow

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19
Q

What are the landmarks in the AP “open-mouth” view in an x-ray?

A
  • Dens

- Body of C2

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20
Q

What muscles make up the superficial group of the neck?

A
  • Platysma
  • SCM
  • Upper trapezius
21
Q

What are the muscles that make up the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Thyrohoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
22
Q

What muscles make up the prevertebral muscles of the neck?

A
  • scalenes
  • Splenius capitis
  • levator scapula
  • longus collu/capitis
  • Rectus capitis (anterior & lateralis)
23
Q

What muscles make up the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?

A
  • mylohoid
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric
24
Q

What are the two components of the superficial cervical fascia?

A

1) cervical sub cutaneous tissue

2) Platysma (located w/i the sub cutaneous tissue)

25
Q

What are the 5 components of the deep cervical fascia?

A

1) Investing layer
2) Pre-tracheal layer
3) Pre-vertebral layer
4) Carotid sheath
5) Retropharyngeal space

26
Q

What are the components of the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  • SCM
  • Upper trapezius

(called 4 corners)

27
Q

What are the components of the pre-tracheal area of the deep cervical fascia?

A 
Muscular
    -infrahyoid
    -suprahyoid
Visceral
   -larynx
   -trachea
   -pharynx
28
Q

What are the components of the pre-vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  • scalenes

- other prevertebral muscles

29
Q

What are the components of the carotid sheath of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  • IJV
  • ICA
  • CCA
  • CN 10 (vagus)
30
Q

What are the components of the retropharyngeal space of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  • Retropharyngeal space: space b/w pre-vertebral and pre-tracheal
  • Buccopharyngeal space: continuous with pre-tracheal fascia
31
Q

What are the three portions of the vagus nerve?

A

1) Superior laryngeal nerve
- internal and external
2) Recurrent laryngeal nerve
- R loops under R subclavian
- L loops under aortic arch
3) Inferior laryngeal (continuation of the recurrent laryngeal)

32
Q

The inferior laryngeal nerve of CN 10 (vagus) supplies all intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT….

A

cricothyroid

33
Q

What are the branches off of the aortic arch?

A

1) Brachiocephalic
2) L Common Carotid
3) L subclavian

34
Q

What are 4 branches of the ECA?

there’s 8 total, only need to know these 4

A
  • Superior thyroid
  • Facial
  • Maxillary
  • Superficial temporal
35
Q

What are 3 branches of the subclavian artery?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Thyrocervical trunk
  • Costocervical trunk
36
Q

What arteries come off of the thryocervical trunk (from subclavian artery)?

A
  • Inferior thyroid a
  • Ascending cervical a
  • Transverse cervical a
  • Suprascapular a
37
Q

The EJA descends superficial to the SCM and drains into….

This is the same vein that the anterior jugular vein drains into.

A

subclavian vein

38
Q

The IJV descends deep to the SCM and drains into….

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

39
Q

Lymph on the R side drains via the ___________, while lymph on the L side drains via ________.

A

R lymphatic ducts; thoracic duct

40
Q

What are the four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

Function: supply sensation to skin of neck/lower head

A

1) Lesser occipital
2) Greater auricular
3) Transverse cervical
4) Supraclavicular

41
Q

Ansa cervicalis directly supplies what infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Omohyoid (superior and inferior)
42
Q

What innervates the platysma?

A

CN 7 (facial)

43
Q

What innervated the upper trapezius?

A

CN 11 (accessory)

44
Q

What innervates the SCM?

A

CN 11 (accessory)

45
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid?

A

CN5 (trigeminal)

46
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

CN 12 (hypoglossal)

47
Q

What innervates the stylohyoid?

A

CN 7 (facial)

48
Q

What innervates the anterior digastric?

A

CN 5 (trigeminal)

49
Q

What innervates the posterior digastric?

A

CN 7 (facial)

clinical medicine (12 decks)

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