Neck anatomy Flashcards
What is the content (muscles) of the POSTERIOR triangle?
scalenes, levator scapula, splenius capitis, inferior omohyoid
What are the borders of the POSTERIOR triangle?
SCM, clavicle, upper trap
What is the content (vessels) of the POSTERIOR triangle?
EJV, lymph nodes (supraclavicular, superficial cervical), transverse cervical, suprascapular, and subclavian arteries
What is the content (nerves) of the POSTERIOR triangle?
CN11 (accessory), brachial plexus, cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
What are the borders of the ANTERIOR triangle?
SCM, midline, mandible
What are the sub-divisions of the ANTERIOR triangle?
submandibular, carotid, muscular, submental
What are the borders of the SUBMANDIBULAR triangle?
Mandible, anterior digastric, posterior digastric
What is the content of the SUBMANDIBULAR triangle?
submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, CN 12 (hypoglossal)
What are the borders of the CAROTID triangle?
SCM, posterior digastric, superior omohyoid
What is the content of the CAROTID triangle?
carotid sheath (CCA, ECA, IJV, CN10-vagus) CN 11 (accessory) CN 12 (hypoglossal) Thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx Cervical lymph nodes
What are the borders of the MUSCULAR triangle?
Midline, SCM, superior omohyoid
What is the content of the MUSCULAR triangle?
Infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands
What are the borders of the SUBMENTAL triangle?
Hyoid bone, right anterior digastric, left anterior digastric
What is the content of the SUBMENTAL tringle?
Submental lymph node
What makes up the anterior neck?
Not the anterior triangle
- SCM
- Hyoid bone
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- Thyroid gland
- Jugular notch
What makes up the posterior neck?
not the posterior triangle
- Upper trapezius
- Sub-occipital region
- C7 spinal process
What makes up the lateral neck?
- Upper trapezius
- SCM
- External jugular vein
- Supraclavicular fossa
- Subclavian artery
What are the landmarks in the lateral view of the neck in an x-ray?
- C1-C7
- C1 posterior arch
- Spinous process of C2-C7
What are the landmarks in the AP (anterior-posterior) view of the neck in an x-ray?
- Spinous process
- Tracheal shadow
What are the landmarks in the AP “open-mouth” view in an x-ray?
- Dens
- Body of C2
What muscles make up the superficial group of the neck?
- Platysma
- SCM
- Upper trapezius
What are the muscles that make up the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?
- Sternohyoid
- Thyrohoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternothyroid
What muscles make up the prevertebral muscles of the neck?
- scalenes
- Splenius capitis
- levator scapula
- longus collu/capitis
- Rectus capitis (anterior & lateralis)
What muscles make up the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?
- mylohoid
- geniohyoid
- stylohyoid
- digastric
What are the two components of the superficial cervical fascia?
1) cervical sub cutaneous tissue
2) Platysma (located w/i the sub cutaneous tissue)
What are the 5 components of the deep cervical fascia?
1) Investing layer
2) Pre-tracheal layer
3) Pre-vertebral layer
4) Carotid sheath
5) Retropharyngeal space
What are the components of the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia?
- SCM
- Upper trapezius
(called 4 corners)
What are the components of the pre-tracheal area of the deep cervical fascia?
Muscular
-infrahyoid
-suprahyoid
Visceral
-larynx
-trachea
-pharynxWhat are the components of the pre-vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia?
- scalenes
- other prevertebral muscles
What are the components of the carotid sheath of the deep cervical fascia?
- IJV
- ICA
- CCA
- CN 10 (vagus)
What are the components of the retropharyngeal space of the deep cervical fascia?
- Retropharyngeal space: space b/w pre-vertebral and pre-tracheal
- Buccopharyngeal space: continuous with pre-tracheal fascia
What are the three portions of the vagus nerve?
1) Superior laryngeal nerve
- internal and external
2) Recurrent laryngeal nerve
- R loops under R subclavian
- L loops under aortic arch
3) Inferior laryngeal (continuation of the recurrent laryngeal)
The inferior laryngeal nerve of CN 10 (vagus) supplies all intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT….
cricothyroid
What are the branches off of the aortic arch?
1) Brachiocephalic
2) L Common Carotid
3) L subclavian
What are 4 branches of the ECA?
there’s 8 total, only need to know these 4
- Superior thyroid
- Facial
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What are 3 branches of the subclavian artery?
- Vertebral artery
- Thyrocervical trunk
- Costocervical trunk
What arteries come off of the thryocervical trunk (from subclavian artery)?
- Inferior thyroid a
- Ascending cervical a
- Transverse cervical a
- Suprascapular a
The EJA descends superficial to the SCM and drains into….
This is the same vein that the anterior jugular vein drains into.
subclavian vein
The IJV descends deep to the SCM and drains into….
Brachiocephalic trunk
Lymph on the R side drains via the ___________, while lymph on the L side drains via ________.
R lymphatic ducts; thoracic duct
What are the four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?
Function: supply sensation to skin of neck/lower head
1) Lesser occipital
2) Greater auricular
3) Transverse cervical
4) Supraclavicular
Ansa cervicalis directly supplies what infrahyoid muscles?
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Omohyoid (superior and inferior)
What innervates the platysma?
CN 7 (facial)
What innervated the upper trapezius?
CN 11 (accessory)
What innervates the SCM?
CN 11 (accessory)
What innervates the mylohyoid?
CN5 (trigeminal)
What innervates the geniohyoid?
CN 12 (hypoglossal)
What innervates the stylohyoid?
CN 7 (facial)
What innervates the anterior digastric?
CN 5 (trigeminal)
What innervates the posterior digastric?
CN 7 (facial)
