Neck Anatomy

Question 1

What does submandibular triangle consists of?

Answer 1

Submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve, facial artery, nerve to mylohyoid

Question 2

What does submental triangle consists of?

Answer 2

Lymph nodes, beginning of anterior jugular veins

Question 3

What does carotid triangle consists of?

Answer 3

Common carotid artery, external carotid artery, Internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis

Question 4

What muscles does ansa cervacalis Innervate?

Answer 4

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid

Question 5

What muscles does C1 innervate and what nerve does it hitch a ride with?

Answer 5

thyrohyoid and genohyoid and Hypoglossal

Question 6

What innervates digastric muscles?

Answer 6

Anterior belly - Nerve to mylohyoid (CNV3); mandible
Posterior belly – Facial nerve (CNVII); mastoid process

Question 7

What is nerve to mylohyoid?

Answer 7

CNV3

Question 8

What innervates stylohyoid?

Answer 8

Facial

Question 9

What are contents of carotid sheath?

Answer 9

Common and internal carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Sympathetic nerve fibers

Question 10

Where does internal carotid artery come from and go to?

Answer 10

Originates from the Brachiocephalic Trunk (right), and Arch of Aorta (left). It Terminates through carotid canal at Carotid sinus, Carotid body

Question 11

6 branches of external carotid artery?

Answer 11

Superior thyroid which gives off Superior laryngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal

Question 12

Where does subclavian artery begin and terminate?

Answer 12

Originates at Brachiocephalic Trunk (right) and Arch of Aorta (left). It becomes axillary artery at lateral border of 1st rib. Before that it branches into vertebral artery, internal thoracic arteries, thyrocervical trunk (Inferior thyroid, Transverse cervical, Suprascapular), dorsal scapular, and costocervical trunk (deep cervical and superior thoracic)

Question 13

Where does external jugular vein begin and end?

Answer 13

Originates at skull at Retromandibular and Posterior auricular. Terminates at the Subclavian vein giving off branches: Transverse cervical, Suprascapular, Anterior jugular

Question 14

Where does internal jugular vein begin and end?

Answer 14

Begins at jugular foramen, and branches as soon as it comes out into: Lingual, Superior and middle thyroid. Ends when joins with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

Question 15

What are anterior (motor) and posterior (sensory) nerves of cervical plexus?

Answer 15

Posterior branches (sensory):Transverse cervical nerve, Lesser occipital, Supraclavicular, Great auricular
Anterior branches (motor):
Ansa cervicalis
C1 (Superior root)

Question 16

this nerve is anterior to the scalenes

Answer 16

phrenic

Question 17

this nerve is to common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

Answer 17

vagus which branches into internal/external laryngeal, and recurrents which go under aorta/ right subclavian behind esophagus

Question 18

symptoms of horner’s syndrome

Answer 18

Pupillary constriction, Ptosis, Anhydrosis, Vasodilation

Question 19

Which lymph nodes to external and anterior jugular veins empty into?

Answer 19

superficial cervical

Question 20

which lymph notes does internal jugular veins dump into?

Answer 20

deep cervical

Question 21

thyroid/parathyroid arteries and where they come from?

Answer 21

Superior thyroid - external carotid
Inferior thyroid - thyrocervical trunk

Question 22

What are the thyroid veins and where do they drain to?

Answer 22

Superior: drains to internal jugular
Middle: drains to internal jugular
Inferior: drains to brachiocephalic veins

Question 23

What’s anatomy of larynx?

Answer 23

Epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
Thyrohyoid membrane contains: Superior laryngeal artery, and Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 24

What innervates larynx?

Answer 24

Internal laryngeal nerve: Sensory above the vocal folds
External laryngeal nerve: Cricothyroid muscle
Recurrent laryngeal nerve: All intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

Question 25

Which muscle abducts the vocal folds?

Answer 25

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 26

cricothyroid muscle is innervated by…

Answer 26

external laryngeal

Question 27

all larynx muscles besides cricothyroid are innervated by…

Answer 27

recurrent laryngeal

Question 28

whats deep to cervical fascia?

Answer 28

platsyma

Question 29

Whats deep to investing layer?

Answer 29

trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, spinal accessory nerve

Question 30

whats deep to pretracheal layer

Answer 30

trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland, pharynx

Question 31

whats deep to prevertebral layer

Answer 31

anterior aspect of cervical vertebrae, deep muscles of neck, floor of posterior triangle, brachial plexus

Question 32

investing layer attaches to…

Answer 32

manubrim

Question 33

pretracheal fascia attaches to…

Answer 33

pericardium

Question 34

What are the layer of fascia superficial to deep?

Answer 34

superficial>investing>pretrachial>pharyngeal muscle>buccopharyngeal fascia> retropharyngeal space> prevertebral facia>longus coli muscle

Question 35

helps prevent spread of abscesses

Answer 35

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 36

If infection occurs between investing layer of deep fascia and pre tracheal fascia …

Answer 36

it will not spread beyond the manubrium

Question 37

If infection occurs deep to pre-tracheal fascia …

Answer 37

it can spread into the thoracic cavity anterior to the pericardium

Question 38

Infections between pre-tracheal and pre-vertebral fascia

Answer 38

can enter the mediastinum

Question 39

Air from ruptured trachea or bronchi can

Answer 39

can ascend into the neck

Question 40

Abscesses in the retropharyngeal space can…

Answer 40

put pressure on the pharynx and cause difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) or speaking (dysarthria)