Gross Anatomy of Brain

Question 1

where’s white matter in the brain

Answer 1

inside

Question 2

Frontal lobe

Answer 2

Planning and initiation of voluntary movement
Production of written and spoken language
Executive functions
ex: Attention/planning/emotional regulations/problem solving/impulse control

Question 3

inferior frontal gyrus or brodmann’s 44/45

Answer 3

broca’s

Question 4

parietal lobe

Answer 4

Contains the primary sensory cortex
Integrate sensory information from various parts of the body; Spatial reasoning

Question 5

Angular gyrus (of parietal lobe) or brodmann’s 39

Answer 5

language function; processing visual info and defining meaning of visually perceived words

Question 6

Supramarginal gyrus (of parietal lobe) or brodmanns 40

Answer 6

language function that integrates auditory command to phonological processing

Question 7

occipital lobe

Answer 7

receives and process visual information
contain areas that help in perceiving shapes and colors

Question 8

What’s difference between calcarine sulcus and surround brodmanns 18,19?

Answer 8

Calcarine’s does primary visual and surrounding 17 does visual association

Question 9

temporal lobe

Answer 9

Processing auditory information , Understanding Language, Encoding memory, Analyze and process smells

Question 10

What are two temporal divisions?

Answer 10

Wernickes which is the superior temporal region for speech comprehension and transverse temporal which is also brodmanns 41/42 or hershels gyrus which is primary auditory

Question 11

Brodmanns 16 or insular cortex

Answer 11

taste, integration of pain, emotion, cognition

Question 12

Basal ganglia

Answer 12

movement control via inhibiting competing movements consists of forebrain striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, GP, accumbens nucleus, subthalamic nucleus), and mid brain substatia nigra

Question 13

Layers of brainstem anterior to psoterior

Answer 13

basal, tegmentum, tectum

Question 14

descending pyramidal motor tracts

Answer 14

cerebral peduncles

Question 15

sensory info from muscles and joints to cerebellum

Answer 15

olives

Question 16

these nuclei carry posterior column and medial lemiscus pathway (fine touch pathway/proprioception)

Answer 16

cuneate (upper body) and gracilis (lower body)

Question 17

cardio control center is in the … of the medulla

Answer 17

olive

Question 18

Reticular formation

Answer 18

Network of interconnected neurons runs throughout brain stem, Receives and transfers information,
Maintenance of waking state (arousal or level of consciousness)

Question 19

Cerebellum

Answer 19

Fine Movement Coordination
Balance and Equilibrium
Muscle Tone
Learning Motor Behaviors
Cognition

Question 20

fiber tracts that connect the brainstem to cerebral cortex

Answer 20

cerebral peduncles

Question 21

fiber tracts that connect brainstem to cerebellar structures

Answer 21

cerebellar peduncles

Question 22

pass from gyru to gyrus

Answer 22

short association fibers

Question 23

link one lobe with another

Answer 23

long association fibers

Question 24

superior longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 24

connects anterior to posterior cortex

Question 25

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 25

connects wernickes to brocas

Question 26

uncinate fasciculus

Answer 26

connects orbital to temporal lobes

Question 27

cingulum

Answer 27

limbic cortical areas

Question 28

inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 28

occipital to temporal lobes

Question 29

aphasia

Answer 29

disturbance in dominant hemisphere that makes defect in expression or comprehension of language in general

Question 30

brocas aphasia

Answer 30

comprehension of language is normal unable to convert thought into meaningful language -inability to organize words into sentences -nonfluent speech -articulation is impaired -Brodmann’s area 44 & 45

Question 31

Wernickes aphasia

Answer 31

comprehension of language is impaired - fluent speech that is unintelligible - Brodmann’s area 22

Question 32

anterior circulation

Answer 32

internal carotid

Question 33

posterior circulation

Answer 33

vertebral and basilar arteries

Question 34

this connects internal carotid to middle cerebral

Answer 34

posterior cerebral artery

Question 35

this connects anterior cerebral to middle arteries

Answer 35

anterior communicating

Question 36

what are the two branches of vertebral artery

Answer 36

anterior spinal and posterior inferior cerebellar

Question 37

this artery supplies trunk part of brain

Answer 37

anterior cerebral artery

Question 38

this artery supplies upper extremitites and face

Answer 38

middle cerebral

Question 39

this artery supplies visual cortex

Answer 39

posterior cerebral artery

Question 40

What is a watershed area?

Answer 40

They're Border Zones of each arterial supply that anastomose via vasodilation. Where anterior and middle cerebral arteries and posterior and middle cerebral arteries meet

Question 41

whats difference between rostral and caudal medulla supplies?

Answer 41

rostral also receives from PICA unlike caudal

Question 42

Whats difference in rostral vs caudal pons supply?

Answer 42

caudal receives from AICA

Question 43

What's difference between supplies of rostral and caudal medulla?

Answer 43

rostral receives from posterior cerebral

Question 44

anterior spinal originates from... posterior spinal artery originates from...

Answer 44

vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar

Question 45

What are the arterial supplies of the internal capsule?

Answer 45

anterior limb: lenticulostriate and anterior cerebral artery genu: lenticulostriate posterior limb: lenticulostriate and anterior choroidal artery

Question 46

Where are divisions of brain supply?

Answer 46

Question 47

an interface between a region of permanent tissue damage and an area that will most may remain viable for several hours

Answer 47

penumbra