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Module 2 Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

The skin of the neck is divided into 2 layers; what are these layers?

A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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2
Q

The fascia of the neck is divided into 2 layers; what are these layers?

A
  1. Superficial fascia

2. Deep fascia

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3
Q

What is the epidermis made up of?

A

Epithelial cells.

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4
Q

What is the dermis made up of?

A

Dense connective tissue

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5
Q

What is the superficial fascia made up of?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

Name 3 properties of the epidermis.

A
  1. Inert
  2. Waterproof
  3. Non-vascular
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7
Q

Name 4 properties of the dermis.

A
  1. Vascular
  2. Contains lymphatics
  3. Innervated
  4. Strengthens & nourishes the epithelium
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8
Q

Name 3 properties of the superficial fascia.

A
  1. Distributes vessels & nerves
  2. Allows skin mobility
  3. Insulation (thermal & mechanical)
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9
Q

Name 2 properties of the deep fascia.

A
  1. Separates superficial from deep structures

2. Strong & protective

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10
Q

What are the structures in the neck surrounded by?

A

A layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

sub = “deep to” & cutaneous = “skin”

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11
Q

What are the structures in the neck compartmentalised by?

A

Structures in the neck are compartmentalised by deeper layers (tubes) of bandaging: the deep fascia

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12
Q

Where do these “tubes” of deep fascia run between and connect to?

A

The mediastinum to the base of the skull.

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13
Q

How does infection spread within fascial compartments?

A

By opening up “potential spaces” (fascial planes) between the layers of fascia

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14
Q

What does the deep fascia help to prevent?

A

The deep fascia helps to prevent the spread of infection from one compartment to another.

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15
Q

How does the deep fascia prevent the spread of infection?

A

By containing the infection within the fascial tubes- not letting it escape and spread elsewhere.

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16
Q

Where is the superficial neck fascia found?

A

Between the skin and the deep neck fascia

17
Q

What does the superficial neck fascia contain?

A
  • Sensory nerves
  • Platysma muscles
  • Blood vessels: superficial veins
  • Lymphatic vessels and superficial lymph nodes
18
Q

What is the platysma?

A

A muscle of facial expression in neck

19
Q

What are the sensory nerves within the neck known as?

A

The cervical plexus

20
Q

Anterior rami of spinal nerves can “intertwine” to form plexuses. What spinal nerves are involved in the cervical plexus?

A

C2, C3, C4

21
Q

Where are the deep veins of the neck found?

A

Within the tubes of deep fascia.

22
Q

What system are the superficial veins of the neck involved in?

A

The jugular venous system.

23
Q

Where do the superficial jugular veins drain to?

A

The deep internal jugular veins.

24
Q

Name the three pairs of “superficial” jugular veins.

A

(1) The right & left external jugular veins.
(2) The right & left anterior jugular veins.
(3) The right & left superficial jugular communicating veins.

25
Q

What is the deep fascia made up of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

26
Q

What are the three distinct layers from the superficial fascia to deep fascia?

A
  1. Investing layer
  2. Pre-tracheal layer
  3. Pre-vertebral layer
    - includes the carotid sheaths
27
Q

Where does the investing layer of superficial fascia sit?

A

This layer sits immediately deep to the superficial fascia.

28
Q

Within the neck, the investing layer of deep cervical fascia splits. Why does it split?

A

It splits in order to contain the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

29
Q

What does the investing layer of deep cervical fascia also encapsulate?

A

The submandibular and parotid salivary glands.

30
Q

Where does the investing deep cervical layer of fascia attach to?

A
  1. hyoid bone.
  2. lower border of mandible.
  3. zygomatic arches.
  4. styloid processes.
  5. mastoid processes.
  6. superior nuchal line.
  7. spinous process of cervical vertebrae.
31
Q

What does the pre-vertebral layer of deep cervical fascia enclose?

A

Encloses the postural muscles

& the cervical vertebrae

32
Q

What does the pre-vertebral layer of deep fascia also include?

A

Two separate tubes of fascia known as the carorid sheaths.

33
Q

What do the carotid sheaths connect?

A

They connect the superior mediastinum to the jugular foraminae and carotid canals in the base of the skull.

34
Q

Where do the carotid sheaths lie?

A

They lie between the investing, pretracheal and prevertebral layers of deep fascia

35
Q

What do the carotid sheaths contain?

A

They contain major vessels and nerves:

  1. the internal jugular veins
  2. the carotid arteries
  3. the vagus nerves (cranial nerves X)
  4. the deep cervical chain of lymph nodes & lymphatics
36
Q

What does the pre-tracheal fascia transition to when it reaches the mouth?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

37
Q

What is the Retropharyngeal space?

A

A space behind the pharynx that can transmit infection

Module 2 Anatomy (6 decks)

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