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Module 2 Anatomy > Muscles of facial expression > Flashcards

Muscles of facial expression Flashcards

1
Q

Name a condition that can be induced by a dentist or therapist that causes a unilateral droop in the patients face.

How is this condition induced?

What treatment drugs are provided to the patient following this?

A

Bells’ Palsy (temporary condition)

This condition is induced by an incorrect positioning of a LA needle during an inferior alveolar nerve block. Instead of entering the inferior alveolar nerve, the needle inserts into the parotid gland, paralysing the muscles of facial expression.

The patient is given corticosteroids.

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2
Q

What angle do wrinkles form in relation to the direction of muscle fibres?

A

Wrinkles form 90 degrees to the direction of the muscle fibres.

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3
Q

How does botox work?

A

it paralyses the muscles of facial expression which relaxes the muscles causing the wrinkles to dissappear

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4
Q

What state are the muscles in whilst wrinkles are present?

A

They are in a state of contraction.

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5
Q

What is the frontalis connected to?

A

The scalp.

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6
Q

What happens facially when the frontalis is contracted?

A

Eyebrows raise

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7
Q

What actions are associated with the buccinator muscle?

A

Sucked in cheeks and blowing

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8
Q

What are the depressors of the lip responsible for?

A

Pulling the lip downwards

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9
Q

What is the name of the set of four muscles that work to lift the lip up?

What are the individual names of these muscles?

A

Quadratus superioris.

  1. zygomaticus major
  2. zygomaticus minor
  3. levator labii superioris
  4. levator labii superioris
    alaequae nasi
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10
Q

What action is the levator anguli oris responsible for?

A

Lifting the angle of mouth, helps to smile.

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11
Q

What action is the depressor labii inferioris responsible for?

A

Pulling the lip down.

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12
Q

What action is the depressor anguli oris responsible for?

A

Pulling angles of lip downwards in order to form a sad face.

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13
Q

What action is the mentalis responsible for?

A

Pouting.

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14
Q

What is the modiolus?

A

Connective tissue area at the corners of your mouth.

All the muscles of facial expression inset here.

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15
Q

What are the 2 attachment sites of the buccinator?

A

Anteriorly attaching to orbicularis oris.

Posteriorly insert at the the pterygomandibular raphe ( zip together of buccinator and other muscle/ joining point)

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16
Q

Where is the pterygomandibular raphe found?

A

Found at pterygoid plate and posterior part of mandible

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17
Q

How many facial muscles converge at the modiolus?

A

6-9 facial muscles

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18
Q

What are the two parts that make up the orbicularis oculi?

A
  1. Orbital part (external)

2. Palpebral part (internal / eyelid)

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19
Q

What is the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi responsible for?

A

Responsible for scrunching eyes up

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20
Q

What is the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi responsible for?

A

Gentle closing of eyes- eg. blinking

21
Q

What is the Epicranial aponeurosis?

What is it responsible for?

A

A flattened tendon that connects the frontalis to occipitalis.

It is responsible for giving the skull mobility.

22
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
S- skin
C- connective tissue
A- aponeurosis
L- loose connective tissue
P- pericranium
23
Q

Identify a main feature of connective tissue

A

Rich blood supply

Highly vascularised

24
Q

Which cranial nerve are all muscles of facial expression innervated by?

A

CNVII- The facial nerve

25
Q

How is the function of muscle and the motor function of CN VII tested?

A

By a clinical motor function test:

  1. ask patient to frown: frontalis working
  2. ask patient to close eyes tightly: orbicularis oris working
  3. ask patient to smile: levator anguli oris working
  4. ask patient to puff out cheeks: testing buccinator muscle
26
Q

Which foramina does the facial nerve exit cranial cavity through?

A

The internal acoustic meatus

27
Q

After exiting the cranial cavity through the internal acoustic meatus, where does the facial nerve weave its way through and exit?

A

The facial nerve weaves its way through the petrous temple bone and exits the stylomastoid foramina.

28
Q

After exiting the stylomastoid foramina, where does the facial nerve pass through next?

A

The carotid gland.

29
Q

Once the facial nerve has passed through the carotid gland what happens to it?

A

It splits into 6 branches.

30
Q

Name the 6 branches of the facial nerve

A
  1. To: Temporal
  2. Zanzibar: Zygomatic
  3. By: Buccal
  4. Motor: Mandibular
  5. Car: Cervical
  6. Posterior auricular
31
Q

Where does CNVII divide?

A

CNVII divides within parotid gland

32
Q

What is the facial artery the 4th branch of?

A

The external carotid artery

33
Q

How many branches in total does the external carotid artery have?

A

8

34
Q

what are the two drainage routes of the facial vein into the internal jugular vein?

A
  1. The facial vein can drain directly into the internal jugular vein.

or

  1. It can drain into the internal jugular vein deep through orbit via ophthalmic veins.
35
Q

What sinus surrounds pituitary gland?

A

Cavernous sinus

36
Q

Where does the pterygoid venous plexus empty into?

A

Empties into maxillary vein

37
Q

What kind of course is a vein?

A

Straight course

38
Q

What kind of course is an artery?

A

Torturous (wiggly) course

39
Q

What do superficial lymphatics follow?

A

Superficial lymphatics follow veins

40
Q

What do deep lymphatics follow?

A

Deep lymphatics follow arteries

41
Q

Where do all lymphatics eventually drain to?

A

They all eventually drain to deep cervical lymph nodes

42
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

A dermatome is the area of skin supplied by the sensory fibres in a given somatic nerve.

43
Q

Which sensory nerves supply the face?

A
  • Great auricular nerve (C2,3)

- Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

44
Q

What does the greater auricular nerve connect with?

Therefore what is it?

A

Connects with the spinal cord

Therefore the greater auricular nerve is therefore a spinal branch.

45
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1: Opthalmic
V2: Maxillary
V3: Mandibular

46
Q

Where are the branches of the Opthalmic division found?

A

Branches are found in the region of the orbit, mid-nose & forehead

47
Q

Where are the branches of the Maxillary division found?

A

Branches are found in region of maxilla & anterior temple

48
Q

Where are the branches of the Mandibulardivision found?

A

Branches are found in relation to mandible and mid-temple

Module 2 Anatomy (6 decks)

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