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Anatomy Head And Spine > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

borders of the neck region

A

anteriorly: lower border of mandible
manubrium

posteriorly: superior nuchal line on occipital to intervertebral disk between C2 and T1

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2
Q

what muscles are contained within the anterior triangle?

A

supra and infrahyoid muscles

[Toss my gravy spoon darling]

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3
Q

what does the posterior triangle contain?

A

important nerves and vessels

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4
Q

what muscle is contained in the superficial fascia alongside the skin and subcutaneous fat?
what innervates it?

A

platysma

innervated by cervical branch of CN VII (facial)

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5
Q

what are the 3 main compartments of the neck?

A

vertebral
visceral
vascular

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6
Q

what is contained in the vertebral compartment?

A

vertebrae and musculature

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7
Q

what is contained in the visceral compartment?

A

trachea
oesphagus
thyroid

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8
Q

what is contained in the vascular compartment?

A 
internal jugular
carotids
CN X (vagus)
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9
Q

C1 level of the neck

A

open mouth

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10
Q

C2 level of the neck

A

superior cervical ganglion

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11
Q

C3 level of the neck

A

body of hyoid

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12
Q

C4 level of the neck

A

upper border if thyroid cartilage

bifurcation of the common carotid artery

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13
Q

C6 level of the neck

A

cricoid cartilage
middle cervical ganglion
larynx and pharynx end

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14
Q

C7 level of the neck

A

inferior cervical ganglion

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15
Q

what are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
midline
inferior border of the mandible

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16
Q

what is contained in the anterior triangle?

A

muscles
hyoid bone
carotids and internal jugular vein

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17
Q

what is the hyoid bone?

A

relates to all the anterior neck muscles and is suspended in space by an array of muscles and ligaments

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18
Q

which 4 muscles make up the supra hyoid group of the anterior triangle?

A

mylohyoid
stylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric

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19
Q

what 4 muscles make up the infra hyoid aka strap muscles of the anterior triangle?

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thryohoid
sternothyroid

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20
Q

what is the anterior innervation to the supra hyoid muscles?

A

innervation by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

to the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric

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21
Q

what is the posterior innervation to the supra hyoid muscles?

A

innervation by trigeminal nerve

to the stylohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric

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22
Q

what is the innveration to the geniohyoid of the suprahoid?

A

C1 fibres via hypoglossal nerve

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23
Q

mylohyoid attachment and innervation

A

Attachments:
Body of mandible (mylohyoid line)
Body of hyoid
Innervation: V3

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24
Q

function of mylohyoid

A

support floor of oral cavity

elevate the hyoid

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25
Q

geniohyoid attachments and innervation

A

Attachments:
Internal aspect of mandible (inferior glenoid tubercles*)
Body of hyoid
Innervation: C1 fibres, via hypoglossal

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26
Q

function of geniohyoid

A

protracts hyoid

depresses the mandible

27
Q

styloid attachments and innervation

A

Attachments:
Styloid process
Body of hyoid bone
Innervation:VII

28
Q

function of stylohyoid

A

retracts and elevates the hyoid

29
Q

anterior belly of digastric attachments and innervation

A 
Anterior Belly 
Attachments:
Internal aspect of mandible (digastric fossa*)
Tendon (attached to hyoid)
Innervation:V3
30
Q

function of anterior belly of digastric

A

depresses mandible

elevates and protracts the hyoid

31
Q

posterior belly of digastric attachments and innervation?

A

Attachments:
Mastoid process
Tendon (attached to body of hyoid)
Innervation: VII

32
Q

function of the posterior belly of the digastric

A

retracts and elevates the hyoid

33
Q

thyrohyoid attachments and innervation

A

Attachments:
Thyroid cartilage (oblique line)
Greater horn of hyoid
Innervation: C1 via hypoglossal

34
Q

function of thyrohyoid

A

Depresses the hyoid

Elevates the larynx

35
Q

omohyoid attachments and innervation

A

Attachments:
Sup. border of scapula
Body of hyoid
Anchored to the clavicle by fibrous tissue
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis (anterior rami of C1 to C3)

36
Q

function of omohyoid

A

depresses hyoid

37
Q

sternothryoid attachments and innervation

A

Attachments:
Posterior surface of manubrium
Thyroid cartilage (oblique line*)
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

38
Q

function of sternothryoid

A

depresses the larynx

39
Q

sternohyoid attachments and innervation

A

Attachments:
Posterior aspect of manubrium
Body of hyoid
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

40
Q

function of sternohyoid

A

depresses hyoid after swallowing

41
Q

innervation summary

A

The anterior suprahyoid muscles are innervated by V3
The posterior suprahyoid muscles are innervated by the VII
The infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis

Exceptions:
Geniohyoid &Thyrohyoid, are both innervated by C1 fibres via the hypoglossal nerve

42
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
Anterior border of trapezius
Middle 1/3 clavicle

43
Q

contents of the posterior triangle

A 
3 vessels and 4 nerves:
External jugular vein
Subclavian artery & vein
Trunks of brachial plexus
Spinal accessory 
Phrenic nerve 
Vagus nerve
44
Q

jugular veins

A

external is anterior to sternocleidomastoid while the internal lies underneath

45
Q

where in the cranium base does the spinal accessory nerve exit?

A

jugular foramen

superficially on the posterior triangle therefore liable to injury

46
Q

what does the spinal accessory innervate?

A

sternocleidomastoid

trapezius

47
Q

testing the spinal accessory nerve

A

raised shoulders

48
Q

where does the vagus leave the cranial base?

A

jugular foramen

travels in the carotid sheet

49
Q

what does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

larynx
heart
lungs
GIT

50
Q

how would you test the vagus nerve?

A

gag reflex

51
Q

where does the phrenic nerve originate from?

A

C3,4,5 to keep the diaphragm alive

lies anterior to scalenus anterior

52
Q

motor and sensory function the phrenic

A

motor to diaphragm

sensory to peritoneum and pleura around diaphragm

53
Q

through which structures does it enter the thorax?

A

between the subclavian artery and vein

54
Q

which arteries supply the thyroid?

A

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

superior is first branch of the external carotid
inferior arises from the first part of subclavian artery

55
Q

what else does the inferior thyroid artery supply apart from the thyroid?

A

superior oesophagus

trachea

56
Q

drainage of blood from thyroid

A

superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

superior and middle drain into internal jugular vein

inferior drains into brachiocephalic trunk

57
Q

what is the brachial plexus?

A

innervates the upper limbs
formed from anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1
Trunks pass between Scalenus Anterior and Scalenus Medius and proceed into the upper limb via the axilla
its cords are named in ration to the axially artery

58
Q

when does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

at the lateral margin of the 1st rib

59
Q

where do all the lymph nodes drain?

A

deep cervical node from a superficial region

60
Q

where do the deep cervical nodes lie?

A

along the internal jugular vein

these then converge to become the right and left lymphatic trunks

61
Q

where does the right jugular lymphatic trunk empty?

A

into right lymphatic duct

62
Q

where does the left jugular lymphatic duct empty?

A

into the thoracic duct

63
Q

two main causes of lymphoedema?

A

infection (reactive, local or generalised)

cancer (lymphoma, metastases)

Anatomy Head And Spine (5 decks)

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