Neck Flashcards
Platysma
Subcutaneous tissue superior and inferior to clavicle
Mandible, cheek, inferior lip and orbicularis oris
Depress mandible (against resistance)
Facial nerve
Sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid process and Occipital bone
Manubrium & medial 1/3 of clavicle
Bilateral: extends atlanto-occipital joints
Flexes neck
Extends superior cervical vertebrae & flexes inferior cervical vertebrae
Unilateral:
- laterally flexes and superiorly rotates neck
- Accessory Nerve
Name the Suprahyoid muscles, their attachments and actions
Proximal:
Digastric: cranial base
Stylohyoid: styloid process
Myelohyoid & Geniohyoid: mandible body
Distal: hyoid bone
Elevate hyoid bone
Depress mandible against resistance
State the actions of the Infrahyoid muscles
Depress or fix hyoid bone
Anterior Scalene
TP of C3-6
1st rib
Flexes head
Posterior & Middle scalene
TP of C5-7
Middle: 1st rib
Posterior: 2nd rib
Laterally flex & elevate ribs during forced inspiration
Describe 3 stages of deglutition
- Voluntary: Bolus pushed to Oropharynx by tongue muscles & soft palate
- Involuntary: soft palate & Larynx elevates, Pharynx widens
- Involuntary: Pharyngeal constrictor muscle Contract to push Bolus into Oesophagus
What connects the thyroid lobes together?
Isthmus
Cause of Goiter
Lack of Iodine to the Thyroid Gland
Name the 9 cartilages of the larynx, whIch are paired and unpaired
Single:
Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottic
Paired:
Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform
What is the piriform recess
Space between larynx and pharynx
What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply?
Trachea, oesophagus and muscles of larynx
Sympathetic Trunk:
How many ganglia and at what vertebral level do they sit
3 ganglia:
Superior - C1-2
Middle - C6
Inferior - C7
Name the 7 important branches of the External Carotid to remember when drawing in the Theory exam
(facial blood supply)
(Artery)
Posterior Auricular
Superficial temporal
Transverse Facial
Facial
Maxillary
Superior & Inferior Thyroid
What is Torti Collis
Unilateral Shortening of sternocleidomastoid
Causes of Torti Collis
Wake up after muscle spasms
Nerve damage
Tumour
Congenital
Birth- midwife pulling too hard on babies neck
Name two pathologies of the Thyroid gland and their prevalence
Pyramidal: up to 50%
Absence of an isthmus: 10-30% of population
What is a Goiter and what is the cause
Swelling of Thyroid Gland
Lack of Iodine
What is the Laryngeal Prominence
Adam’s apple
Name structures that a Tracheostomy may cut through
Deep cervical fascia
Pretrachial fascia
Isthmus of Thyroid Gland
2nd and 3rd C-shaped cartilage
What two vessels does the Vagus Nerve travel between
Internal Jugular and common carotid artery
Which part of the Common Carotid Artery contains chemoreceptors
Carotid body
Which part of the Common Carotid Artery contains Baroreceptors
Carotid sinus
What is the Piriform Recess
Space between Larynx and Pharynx
