Neck

Question 1

Explain the carotid arteries.

Answer 1

The internal carotid artery branches off the common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the brain. The external carotid artery supplies the face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area.

Question 2

Explain the jugular vein.

Answer 2

Both the internal jugular vein and the carotid arteries lie beneath the sternomastoid muscle. The external jugular vein runs diagonally across the sternomastoid muscle.

Question 3

Explain the child’s lymph system?

Answer 3

Well developed at birth. Adult size at 6 years old. Grows rapidly until 10-12 years. Exceeds adult size before puberty an then slowly atrophies after puberty.

Question 4

Lymph nodes in the child versus the adult?

Answer 4

Lymph nodes in children are normally palpable, round, mobile, and contender. In adults they are not normally palpable.

Question 5

Subjective data of the neck?

Answer 5

Neck pain, lumps or swelling, history of neck surgery, stiffness, inflammation, difficulty swallowing.

Question 6

What are the major neck muscles and what are they innervated by?

Answer 6

Sternomastoid, which arises from the sternum and the clavicle and extends diagonally across the neck to the mastoid process behind the ear.
Two trapezius on the upper back that arise from the occipital bone/vertebra and extend fanning out to the scapula and clavicle.
Cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory.

Question 7

Triangle that lies in front of the neck, between the sternomastoid and the midline of the body, with its base along the lower border of the mandible and it s apex down at the suprasternal notch.

Answer 7

Anterior triangle

Question 8

Triangle behind the sternomastoid muscle, with the trapezius muscle on the other side and its base along the clavicle below. It contains the posterior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

Answer 8

Posterior triangle.

Question 9

Lymph node in front of the ear

Answer 9

Preauricular

Question 10

Lymph node superficial to the mastoid process

Answer 10

Posterior auricular

Question 11

Lymph node at the base of the skull

Answer 11

Occipital

Question 12

Midline lymph node, behind the tip of the mandible

Answer 12

Submental. Use one finger when palpating.

Question 13

Lymph node halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible.

Answer 13

Submandibular

Question 14

Lymph node under the angle of the mandible.

Answer 14

Jugulodigastric (tonsillar)

Question 15

Lymph node overlying the sternomastoid muscle

Answer 15

Superficial cervical

Question 16

Lymph node deep under the sternomastoid muscle

Answer 16

Deep cervical

Question 17

Lymph node in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle

Answer 17

Posterior cervical

Question 18

Lymph node just above and behind the clavicle, at the sternomastoid muscle.

Answer 18

Supraclavicular

Question 19

Lymph nodes are located throughout the body but are accessible to examination in what four areas?

Answer 19

Head and neck, arms, axillae, inguinal region

Question 20

Enlargement of the lymph nodes >1 cm from infection, allergy, or neoplasm.

Answer 20

Lymphadenopathy

Question 21

Nodes are bilateral, enlarged, warm, tender, and firm but freely moveable. <14 days duration `

Answer 21

Acute infection

Question 22

Nodes are hard, >3 cm, unilateral, nontender, matted, and fixed.

Answer 22

Cancerous nodes

Question 23

Nodes are enlarged, firm, nontender, and mobile. Occipital node enlargement is common.

Answer 23

HIV infection

Question 24

A single, enlarged, contender, hard, left surpaclavicular node may indicate what?

Answer 24

Neoplasm in thorax or abdomen. Virchow node

Question 25

Painless, rubbery, discrete nodes that gradually appear with what, commonly in the cervical region?

Answer 25

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 26

The trachea is pushed to the unaffected side with what?

Answer 26

Aortic aneurysm, tumor, unilateral thyroid lobe enlargement, pneumothorax

Question 27

The trachea is pulled to the affected side with what?

Answer 27

Large atelectasis, pleural adhesions, fibrosis

Question 28

A rhythmic downward pull hat is synchronous with systole and occurs with aortic arch aneurysm.

Answer 28

Tracheal tug