Neck Flashcards
Explain the carotid arteries.
The internal carotid artery branches off the common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the brain. The external carotid artery supplies the face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area.
Explain the jugular vein.
Both the internal jugular vein and the carotid arteries lie beneath the sternomastoid muscle. The external jugular vein runs diagonally across the sternomastoid muscle.
Explain the child’s lymph system?
Well developed at birth. Adult size at 6 years old. Grows rapidly until 10-12 years. Exceeds adult size before puberty an then slowly atrophies after puberty.
Lymph nodes in the child versus the adult?
Lymph nodes in children are normally palpable, round, mobile, and contender. In adults they are not normally palpable.
Subjective data of the neck?
Neck pain, lumps or swelling, history of neck surgery, stiffness, inflammation, difficulty swallowing.
What are the major neck muscles and what are they innervated by?
Sternomastoid, which arises from the sternum and the clavicle and extends diagonally across the neck to the mastoid process behind the ear.
Two trapezius on the upper back that arise from the occipital bone/vertebra and extend fanning out to the scapula and clavicle.
Cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory.
Triangle that lies in front of the neck, between the sternomastoid and the midline of the body, with its base along the lower border of the mandible and it s apex down at the suprasternal notch.
Anterior triangle
Triangle behind the sternomastoid muscle, with the trapezius muscle on the other side and its base along the clavicle below. It contains the posterior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
Posterior triangle.
Lymph node in front of the ear
Preauricular
Lymph node superficial to the mastoid process
Posterior auricular
Lymph node at the base of the skull
Occipital
Midline lymph node, behind the tip of the mandible
Submental. Use one finger when palpating.
Lymph node halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible.
Submandibular
Lymph node under the angle of the mandible.
Jugulodigastric (tonsillar)
Lymph node overlying the sternomastoid muscle
Superficial cervical
Lymph node deep under the sternomastoid muscle
Deep cervical
Lymph node in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
Posterior cervical
Lymph node just above and behind the clavicle, at the sternomastoid muscle.
Supraclavicular
Lymph nodes are located throughout the body but are accessible to examination in what four areas?
Head and neck, arms, axillae, inguinal region
Enlargement of the lymph nodes >1 cm from infection, allergy, or neoplasm.
Lymphadenopathy
Nodes are bilateral, enlarged, warm, tender, and firm but freely moveable. <14 days duration `
Acute infection
Nodes are hard, >3 cm, unilateral, nontender, matted, and fixed.
Cancerous nodes
Nodes are enlarged, firm, nontender, and mobile. Occipital node enlargement is common.
HIV infection
A single, enlarged, contender, hard, left surpaclavicular node may indicate what?
Neoplasm in thorax or abdomen. Virchow node
Painless, rubbery, discrete nodes that gradually appear with what, commonly in the cervical region?
Hodgkin lymphoma
The trachea is pushed to the unaffected side with what?
Aortic aneurysm, tumor, unilateral thyroid lobe enlargement, pneumothorax
The trachea is pulled to the affected side with what?
Large atelectasis, pleural adhesions, fibrosis
A rhythmic downward pull hat is synchronous with systole and occurs with aortic arch aneurysm.
Tracheal tug
