Mouth, Throat, Abs, Genitourinary Flashcards
When do central incisors erupt on infants and children?
Eruption of deciduous lower central incisors 5-7 months. Eruption of permanent central incisors is 6-7 years.
Describe inspection of the throat with regards to the tonsil scale
- Tonsils hidden behind pillars
- Tonsils midway between pillars and side of uvula
- Tonsils reach side of uvula
- Tonsils touch each other (kissing)
Shows the uvula split either completely or partially
Bifid uvula
A benign bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate.
Torua palantinus
A benign, milky, bluish-white opaque appearance of the buccal mucosa
Leukoedema
What is the order of assessment for the abdomen?
Inspection
Auscultation
Palpation
Percussion
Liver, kidney, ascending and transverse colon
Right upper quadrant
Stomach, descending and transverse colon, liver, kidney
Left upper quadrant
Cecum, ileo-cecal valve, appendix, ovary
Right lower quadrant
Descending colon, sigmoid colon, ovary
Left lower quadrant
What are the names of the abdominal sections when it’s divided into three?
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric/suprapubic
What is subjective data about the GI system?
Appetite, dysphagia, food intolerance, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, bowel habits, past history, medications, nutritional assessment
What are the four types of abdominal shape when viewing from the side?
Scaphoid, flat, rounded, protuberant
Where do you auscultate for abdominal vascular sounds?
Abdominal aorta, iliac artery, femoral artery, renal artery
What test is used for kidney inflammation?
Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT), where you hit them with your fist
Light palpation of the abdomen?
Skin surface characteristics, overall musculature (guarding vs rigidity), large masses.
1-2 cm depth
Deep palpation of the abdomen?
Masses, organ size, further assessing abdominal tenderness
5-8 cm depth
How does one palpate for the liver?
Left hand underneath and lift up. Right hand RUQ parallel and press down and under. Instruct the patient to inhale.
How does one palpate for the spleen?
Left hand under 11-12 ribs. Right hand 45 degree angle to the costal margin. Press in and under left costal margin, inhale.
Do not to continue to palpate if the spleen is felt. It should not be palpable.
Point of maximum sensitivity in acute appendicitis. Midway between the umbilicus and the iliac crest.
McBurney’s Point
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
Undescended testicles 10% (cryptorchidism). White, ages 15-40. Body build (equivocal). HIV infection, family history, personal history of cancer of one testicle.
What’s used to screen for prostate cancer?
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) palpation
Narrowed opening of the prepuce so cannot retract the foreskin.
Phimosis
Painful construction of glans by retracted foreskin?
Paraphimosis
Ventral location of meatus
Dorsal location of meatus
Hypospadias
Epispadias
