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Human Anatomy -- Head and Neck > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up axillary skeleton of neck?

Visceral skeleton?

A 
Axillary: cervical vertebrae
Visceral:
-Hyoid bone
-Thyroid cartilage
-Cricoid cartilage
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2
Q

What structure is behind the thyroid cartilage?

Cricoid cartilage?

A

Thyroid: larynx

Cricoid cartilage: trachea

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3
Q

Larynx
Trachea
Pharynx

A

Larynx: voice box
Trachea: windpipe
Pharynx: throat post to nasal cavity and mouth; leads to esophagus

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4
Q

What membrane is b/w thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone?

A

Thyro-hyoid membrane

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5
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the back of the neck that are separated by fascial layers?

A

Muscle of pharyngeal wall (ant)

Longus coli muscle (post)

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6
Q

What are the 3 fascia layers b/w the muscle of pharyngeal wall and longus coli muscle in back of neck?

A

Ant: Buccopharyngeal (pretrachial)
Mid: Alar
Prevertebral

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7
Q

What are the fascia of the neck?

A

Investing layer (surrounds entire neck)
Prevertebral layer (encases vertebrae/erector spinae)
Alar: carotid sheath
Pretrachial: surrounds trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland

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8
Q

What is the danger space called?

What fascia layers is it betweehn?

A

Retropharyngeal space

b/w Alar and Prevertebral

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9
Q

What smaller subsection is in the sternocleidomastoid region?
What does it contain?

A

Lesser supraclavicular fossa

Contains internal jugular vein

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10
Q

Posterior cervical region contains…

A

Trapezius

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11
Q

Posterior triangle:
Location
What smaller subsections are in this region?

A

Location: b/w sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Smaller subsections:
-Occipital triangle
-Omoclavicular

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12
Q

Anterior triangle:
Location
What smaller subsections are in this region?

A

b/w sternocleidomastoid and midline of neck
Smaller subsections:
-muscular triangle
-carotid triangle

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13
Q

Muscular triangle location

What larger triangle is it in?

A

Located b/w sup belly of omohyoid and sternohyoid

Anterior triangle

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14
Q

Carotid triangle location
What larger triangle is it in?
What does it contain?

A

Located b/w sternocleidomastoid, sup belly of omohyoid, and digastric

Anterior triangle

Contains carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve

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15
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the neck?

A

Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

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16
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

lateral flexion/rotation; tipping head down and up

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17
Q

What is the action of trapezius?

A

Major extensor of neck

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18
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid attach?

A

Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process

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19
Q

What nerves are in the post triangle?

A

Cervical plexus

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20
Q

What kind of nerves are the cervical plexus?

A

Sensory

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21
Q

Spinal accessory nerve runs b/w

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Spinal accessory nerve innervates both of these muscles

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22
Q

What are the muscles of the post triangle?

List them from post –> ant

A

Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Scalene (post, mid, ant)

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23
Q

Brachial plexus runs b/w what muscles?

A

Ant and mid scalene

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24
Q

Subclavian artery comes from…on right side and … on left side

A

Right: brachiocephalic
Left: arch of aorta

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25
Q

What are the branches of the 1st part (medial) of subclavian?

A

Vertebral
Thyrocervical
Internal thoracic

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26
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian?

A

Suprascapular
Cervicodorsal trunk
Ascending cervical
Inferior thyroid artery

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27
Q

What is the branch of the second part (posterior part) of subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical trunk

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28
Q

What are the nerves included in the cervical plexus (sensory)?

A

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Supraclavicular (med, lat, intermed)
Transverse cervical

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29
Q

Cervical plexus location

A

Exits behind sternocleidomastoid in NERVE POINT OF NECK

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30
Q

What are the nerves included in the cervical plexus (motor)?

A

Ansa cervicalis

Phrenic nerve

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31
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A

C1-C3
Makes a loop
Some C1 fibers ride ansa cervicalis

32
Q

What muscles are innervated by ansa cervicalis?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

33
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

C3-C5
Run across surface of ant scalene
Incorporated into pericardium

34
Q

What muscle does phrenic nerve innervate?

A

Diaphragm

35
Q

Branch of C1 rides with what nerve?

A

Hypoglossal (XII)

36
Q

The branch of C1 that rides with the hypoglossal nerve (XII) innervates

A

Thyrohyoid

Geniohyoid

37
Q

Ant or post triangle?
Cervical plexus
Phrenic nerve
Ansa cervicalis

A

Cervical plexus: post
Phrenic nerve: post
Ansa cervicalis: ant

38
Q

What nerve is incorporated into the carotid sheath?

A

Ansa cervicalis

39
Q

Laryngeal prominence

A

Thyroid cartilage

40
Q

What 2 muscles of the neck have a bend in the middle?

A

Digastric

Omohyoid

41
Q

What muscle innervates the ant belly of digastric?

Post belly?

A

Ant: V3
Post: Facial nerve (VII)

42
Q

What muscle makes up most of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

43
Q

Carotid sinus

A

base of internal carotid is expanded

Measures BP – stretching of vessel

44
Q

Carotid body

A

measures CO2 levels in blood

45
Q

What nerve monitors the carotid sinus and carotidd body?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

46
Q

What 4 CN’s pass through the ant triangle?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Spinal accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)

47
Q

Describe relation b/w location of longus capitis and longus coli

A

Longus coli is medial to longus capitis

48
Q

What are the ganglia in the cervical region?

A

Sup, Mid, and Inf superior cervical ganglia

49
Q

What area are cervical vertebra located in?

A 
Danger space (retropharyngeal space)
B/w prevertebral and alar fascia
50
Q

What nerves synapse at the ganglia in the cervical region?

A

Sympathetic plexus that rides up carotid arteries

51
Q

Describe location of synapse to proximity of target/origin for parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

A

Parasympathetic: synapse close to target

Sympathetic synapse close to origin (SC)

52
Q

Compare the shape of the thyroid and cricoid cartilage

A

Thyroid: U-shaped, open in back
Cricoid: ring-shaped, thicker in back than in front

53
Q

What area do you perform a tracheotomy on?

A

cricothyroid membrane

54
Q

What are the blood vessels supplying the thyroid gland?

A

Sup and inf thyroid arteries

Sup, Mid, and Inf thyroid veins

55
Q

Sup thyroid artery from…

Inf thyroid artery from…

A

Sup: external carotid
Inf: thyrocervical trunk – 2nd part of subclavian

56
Q

Where are parthyroid gland located?

A

On back of thyroid gland

57
Q

What are the 2 branches of the vagus nerve that supply near the trachea?

A

Sup laryngeal nerve (sensory)

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (motor)

58
Q

What membrane does the sup laryngeal nerve pierce?

What name does it have once it pierces this membrane?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

Internal branch of internal laryngeal nerve

59
Q

What does sup laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Larynx above vocal cords/folds

60
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

All muscles of laryngeal area (except cricothyroid muscle)

61
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Naso
Oro
Larygo

62
Q

Laryngeal inlet (aditus)

A

opening for pharynx

63
Q

Pharynx originates from what germ layer?

A

Gut tube

64
Q

What are the arches at the base of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossal

Palatopharyngeal

65
Q

What are the tonsils that are removed if infected?

A

Platine tonsils

66
Q

Taste to ant 2/3 of tongue

Taste to post 1/3

A

Ant 2/3: chorda tympani (facial)

Post 1/3: glossopharyngeal (IX)

67
Q

Epiglottis

A

Cap over glottis

68
Q

Glottis

A

opening to larynx

69
Q

What are the 2 layers of muscle that make the pharyx?

A
  1. Circular (outer, constrictors)

2. Longitudinal (sup–>inf)

70
Q

What action is produced by circular and longitudinal muscles of pharynx?

A

Circular: constrictors, peristalsis
Long: contract and make pharynx shorter

71
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle attaches to…

A

pharyngeal tubercle of skull and

buccinator

72
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle attaches to buccinator via

A

pterygomandibular raphe

73
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve runs on top of what muscle?

It also innervates this muscle

A

Stylopharyngeus

74
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

75
Q

What are the diff tonsils?

A

Pharyngeal
Tubal
Plaltine
Lingual

Human Anatomy -- Head and Neck (4 decks)

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