Cranial Nerves Flashcards by Bridget Wilson

CN I
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Olfactory Nerve
Components: Special Sensory
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Olfactory Epithelium
Cranial Exit: Foramina in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
Actions: Smell

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CN II
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Optic Nerve
Components: Special Sensory
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Retina (ganglion cells)
Cranial Exit: Optic Canal
Actions: Vision from retina

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CN III
Components
Actions

Occulomotor
Components
-Somatic motor
-Visceral motor

Actions:
-Somatic motor: Motor to all eye muscles except sup oblique and lateral rectus (raise eyelids, shift gaze)

Visceral motor: parasympathetic innervation to
1. sphincter pupillae and
2. ciliary muscles that constrict pupil and accomodate lens

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As soon as CN III enters the orbit, it…

Splits into superior and inferior divisions

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CN IV
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Trochlear Nerve
Components: Somatic motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Midbrain
Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure
Actions: Motor to Sup Oblique (direct gaze)

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CN VI
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Abducent Nerve
Components: Somatic Motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Pons
Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure
Actions: Motor to lateral rectus (directs gaze -- ABduction)

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Which cranial nerves enter the orbit via the superior orbital fissure?

III
IV
VI
V1 (Opthalmic division of trigeminal)

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Ciliary ganglion

1st parasympathetic ganglion (autonomic)
Occulomotor brings in some parasympathetic axons and they synapse in this ganglion
Innervates sphincter pupilae (close iris) and muscle involved in accomodation of lens (ciliaris)

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What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

V1: opthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular

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CN V
V1
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Trigeminal Nerve
Opthalmic division
Components: Somatic (general sensory)
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Trigeminal ganglion
Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure
Actions: Sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, and mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

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CN V
V2
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Trigeminal Nerve
Maxillary division
Components: Somatic (general sensory)
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Trigeminal ganglion
Cranial Exit: Foramen rotundum
Actions: Sensation from skin of face over maxilla, including upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses, and palate

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CN V
V3
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular division
Components
-Somatic (general) sensory
-Somatic (branchial) motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
-Trigeminal ganglion (somatic sensory)
-Pons (somatic motor)
Cranial Exit: Foramen ovale
Actions: 
-Sensation from skin of face overlying mandible, mandibular teeth, temporomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth, ant 2/3 of tongue
-Motor to muscles of mastication, myohyloid, ant belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani

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What is the terminal branch of the…
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Opthalmic: supraorbital nerve
Maxillary: infraorbital nerve
Mandibular: mental nerve

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Territories of innervation of the divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Opthalmic: top of nose –> forehead
Maxillary: middle face
Mandibular: jaw

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Describe innervation of the lateral wall and septum of the nasal cavity and palate

Olfactory bulb and CN I
Ant part: CN V1 (including ant ethmoidal nerve)
Post part: CN V2 (including the: 
-greater and lesser palatine nerves,  
-nasopalatine nerve, and 
-pharyngeal nerve)

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CN VII
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions

Facial nerve
Components: 
-Somatic (branchial) motor
-Special sensory
-Visceral motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
-Pons (somatic motor)
-Genticulate ganglion (special sensory)
-Presynaptic: pons (Visceral motor)
-Postsynaptic: pterygopalatine ganglion; submandibular ganglion (Visceral motor)
Cranial Exit:
-Internal acoustic meatus
-Facial canal
-Stylomastoid foramen
Actions
-Somatic motor: muscles of facial expression and scalp; stapedius of middle ear, stylohyoid, and post belly of digastric
-Special sensory: taste from ant 2/3 of tongue and palate
-Visceral motor: parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nose and palate

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What CN’s pass through the internal auditory meatus?

VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear)

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Genticulate ganglion

Bump in CN VII

Genticulate = “elbow”

Stylomastoid foramen located between…

Mastoid process (large bump behind ear)
Styloid process

What kind of nerves often ride on blood vessels in order to get to the head?

Sympathetic

What are the branches of CN VII?

Chorda tympani
Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Post auricular
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal 
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

Chorda tympani

Passes through middle ear, comes out and rides on lingual nerve (branch of V3)
Special sense: taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
Parasympathetic innervation to submandibular ganglion which triggers sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

Greater petrosal nerve

Travels through petrosal canal, then rides on internal carotid (carotid plexus)
Synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion and goes to mucus membrane, lacrimal glands

What nerve branches from the carotid (sympathetic plexus)?

Deep petrosal nerve (this then joins with greater petrosal nerve)

``` CN VIII Components Location of Nerve Cell Bodies Cranial Exit Actions ```

``` Vestibulocochlear nerve Components: Special sensory Location of Nerve Cell Bodies -Vestibular: vestibular ganglion -Cochlear: spiral ganglion Cranial Exit: internal acoustic meatus Actions -Vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule related to position and mvmts of head -Hearing from spiral organ ```

CN VIII Vestibular part... Cochlear part...

Vestibular: balance -- semicircular canals/ducts Cochlear: hearing

``` CN IX Components Location of Nerve Cell Bodies Cranial Exit Actions ```

Glossopharyngeal nerve Components -Somatic (branchial motor) -Visceral motor -Visceral sensory -Special sensory -Somatic (general) sensory Location of Nerve Cell Bodies -Medulla (somatic motor) -Presynaptic: medulla (visceral motor) -Postsynaptic: otic ganglion (visceral motor) -Superior ganglion (visceral sensory) -Inferior ganglion (special sensory and somatic sensory) Cranial Exit: jugular foramen Actions: -Somatic motor: motor to stylopharyngeus (swallowing) -Visceral motor: parasympathetic to parotid gland -Visceral sensory: sensation from parotid gland, carotid body and sinus, pharynx, and middle ear -Special sensory: taste from post 1/3 of tongue -Somatic sensory: cutaneous sensation from external ear

What cranial nerves are involved in taste?

VII (chorda tympani) | IX

What cranial nerves exit the skull via the jugular foramen?

IX -- in front X -- travels in carotid sheath XI

What are the major branches of CN IX?

Tympanic nerve | Lesser petrosal nerve

``` CN X Components Location of Nerve Cell Bodies Cranial Exit Actions ```

Vagus Nerve Components -Somatic (branchial) motor -Visceral motor -Visceral sensory -Special sensory -Somatic (general) sensory Location of Nerve Cell Bodies -Medulla (somatic motor) -Presynaptic: medulla (visceral motor) -Postsynaptic: neurons in, on, or near viscera (Visceral motor) -Inf ganglion (visceral sensory) -Inf ganglion (Special sensory) -Sup ganglion (Somatic sensory) Cranial Exit: jugular foramen Actions -Somatic motor: muscles of pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), larynx, palate (except tensor veli palatini), striated muscle in sup 2/3 of esophagus -Visceral motor: parasympathetic to smooth muscle and gladns of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, coronary arteries, nodes of conduction sys of heart -Visceral sensory: base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, intestine to left colic flexure -Special sensory: taste from epiglottis and palate -Somatic sensory: sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus, and dura of post cranial fossa

What cranial nerves cover all of the sensory modalities?

IX | X

Both CN IX and X have...at their base

ganglia

Carotid sheath

Common fascial sheath around common carotid, jugular vein, and vagus nerve

What nerve has bilateral symmetry and follows the carotid arteries?

Vagus

Cardiac plexus

Branch of vagus nerve | Regulates conduction sys of heart so beats a little slower than if it were to be left alone (vagal tone)

Vagus nerve runs to what part of the intestine?

Left colic flexure

What cranial nerves have multiple functions?

V VII IX X

``` CN XI Components Location of Nerve Cell Bodies Cranial Exit Actions ```

Spinal Accessory nerve Components: Somatic motor Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: spinal cord Cranial Exit: jugular foramen Actions: motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

``` CN XII Components Location of Nerve Cell Bodies Cranial Exit Actions ```

``` Hypoglossal nerve Components: somatic motor Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: medulla Cranial Exit: hypoglossal canal Actions: motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tonge (except palatoglossus) ```

What are the plexi of the vagus nerve?

Esophageal Cardiac Pulmonary

What crainal nerves have nerve cell bodies in the midbrain?

CN III | CN IV

CN III Location of nerve cell bodies Cranial Exit

Location of Nerve Cell Bodies - Midbrain (somatic motor) - Presynaptic: midbrain (visceral motor) - Postsynaptic: ciliary ganglion Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure