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Human Anatomy -- Head and Neck > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q 
CN I
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A

Olfactory Nerve
Components: Special Sensory
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Olfactory Epithelium
Cranial Exit: Foramina in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
Actions: Smell

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2
Q 
CN II
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A 
Optic Nerve
Components: Special Sensory
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Retina (ganglion cells)
Cranial Exit: Optic Canal
Actions: Vision from retina
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3
Q

CN III
Components
Actions

A

Occulomotor
Components
-Somatic motor
-Visceral motor

Actions:
-Somatic motor: Motor to all eye muscles except sup oblique and lateral rectus (raise eyelids, shift gaze)

  • Visceral motor: parasympathetic innervation to
    1. sphincter pupillae and
    2. ciliary muscles that constrict pupil and accomodate lens
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4
Q

As soon as CN III enters the orbit, it…

A

Splits into superior and inferior divisions

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5
Q 
CN IV
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A 
Trochlear Nerve
Components: Somatic motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Midbrain
Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure
Actions: Motor to Sup Oblique (direct gaze)
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6
Q 
CN VI
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A 
Abducent Nerve
Components: Somatic Motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Pons
Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure
Actions: Motor to lateral rectus (directs gaze -- ABduction)
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7
Q

Which cranial nerves enter the orbit via the superior orbital fissure?

A

III
IV
VI
V1 (Opthalmic division of trigeminal)

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8
Q

Ciliary ganglion

A

1st parasympathetic ganglion (autonomic)
Occulomotor brings in some parasympathetic axons and they synapse in this ganglion
Innervates sphincter pupilae (close iris) and muscle involved in accomodation of lens (ciliaris)

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9
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

V1: opthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular

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10
Q 
CN V
V1
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A

Trigeminal Nerve
Opthalmic division
Components: Somatic (general sensory)
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Trigeminal ganglion
Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure
Actions: Sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, and mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

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11
Q 
CN V
V2
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A

Trigeminal Nerve
Maxillary division
Components: Somatic (general sensory)
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: Trigeminal ganglion
Cranial Exit: Foramen rotundum
Actions: Sensation from skin of face over maxilla, including upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses, and palate

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12
Q 
CN V
V3
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A 
Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular division
Components
-Somatic (general) sensory
-Somatic (branchial) motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
-Trigeminal ganglion (somatic sensory)
-Pons (somatic motor)
Cranial Exit: Foramen ovale
Actions: 
-Sensation from skin of face overlying mandible, mandibular teeth, temporomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth, ant 2/3 of tongue
-Motor to muscles of mastication, myohyloid, ant belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani
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13
Q

What is the terminal branch of the…
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

A

Opthalmic: supraorbital nerve
Maxillary: infraorbital nerve
Mandibular: mental nerve

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14
Q

Territories of innervation of the divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

Opthalmic: top of nose –> forehead
Maxillary: middle face
Mandibular: jaw

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15
Q

Describe innervation of the lateral wall and septum of the nasal cavity and palate

A 
Olfactory bulb and CN I
Ant part: CN V1 (including ant ethmoidal nerve)
Post part: CN V2 (including the: 
-greater and lesser palatine nerves,  
-nasopalatine nerve, and 
-pharyngeal nerve)
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16
Q 
CN VII
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A 
Facial nerve
Components: 
-Somatic (branchial) motor
-Special sensory
-Visceral motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
-Pons (somatic motor)
-Genticulate ganglion (special sensory)
-Presynaptic: pons (Visceral motor)
-Postsynaptic: pterygopalatine ganglion; submandibular ganglion (Visceral motor)
Cranial Exit:
-Internal acoustic meatus
-Facial canal
-Stylomastoid foramen
Actions
-Somatic motor: muscles of facial expression and scalp; stapedius of middle ear, stylohyoid, and post belly of digastric
-Special sensory: taste from ant 2/3 of tongue and palate
-Visceral motor: parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nose and palate
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17
Q

What CN’s pass through the internal auditory meatus?

A

VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear)

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18
Q

Genticulate ganglion

A

Bump in CN VII

Genticulate = “elbow”

19
Q

Stylomastoid foramen located between…

A 
Mastoid process (large bump behind ear)
Styloid process
20
Q

What kind of nerves often ride on blood vessels in order to get to the head?

A

Sympathetic

21
Q

What are the branches of CN VII?

A 
Chorda tympani
Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Post auricular
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal 
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
22
Q

Chorda tympani

A

Passes through middle ear, comes out and rides on lingual nerve (branch of V3)
Special sense: taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
Parasympathetic innervation to submandibular ganglion which triggers sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

23
Q

Greater petrosal nerve

A

Travels through petrosal canal, then rides on internal carotid (carotid plexus)
Synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion and goes to mucus membrane, lacrimal glands

24
Q

What nerve branches from the carotid (sympathetic plexus)?

A

Deep petrosal nerve (this then joins with greater petrosal nerve)

25
Q 
CN VIII
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A 
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Components: Special sensory
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
-Vestibular: vestibular ganglion
-Cochlear: spiral ganglion
Cranial Exit: internal acoustic meatus
Actions
-Vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule related to position and mvmts of head
-Hearing from spiral organ
26
Q

CN VIII
Vestibular part…
Cochlear part…

A

Vestibular: balance – semicircular canals/ducts
Cochlear: hearing

27
Q 
CN IX
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Components
-Somatic (branchial motor)
-Visceral motor
-Visceral sensory
-Special sensory
-Somatic (general) sensory
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
-Medulla (somatic motor)
-Presynaptic: medulla (visceral motor)
-Postsynaptic: otic ganglion (visceral motor)
-Superior ganglion (visceral sensory)
-Inferior ganglion (special sensory and somatic sensory)
Cranial Exit: jugular foramen
Actions:
-Somatic motor: motor to stylopharyngeus (swallowing)
-Visceral motor: parasympathetic to parotid gland
-Visceral sensory: sensation from parotid gland, carotid body and sinus, pharynx, and middle ear
-Special sensory: taste from post 1/3 of tongue
-Somatic sensory: cutaneous sensation from external ear

28
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in taste?

A

VII (chorda tympani)

IX

29
Q

What cranial nerves exit the skull via the jugular foramen?

A

IX – in front
X – travels in carotid sheath
XI

30
Q

What are the major branches of CN IX?

A

Tympanic nerve

Lesser petrosal nerve

31
Q 
CN X
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A

Vagus Nerve
Components
-Somatic (branchial) motor
-Visceral motor
-Visceral sensory
-Special sensory
-Somatic (general) sensory
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
-Medulla (somatic motor)
-Presynaptic: medulla (visceral motor)
-Postsynaptic: neurons in, on, or near viscera (Visceral motor)
-Inf ganglion (visceral sensory)
-Inf ganglion (Special sensory)
-Sup ganglion (Somatic sensory)
Cranial Exit: jugular foramen
Actions
-Somatic motor: muscles of pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), larynx, palate (except tensor veli palatini), striated muscle in sup 2/3 of esophagus
-Visceral motor: parasympathetic to smooth muscle and gladns of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, coronary arteries, nodes of conduction sys of heart
-Visceral sensory: base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, intestine to left colic flexure
-Special sensory: taste from epiglottis and palate
-Somatic sensory: sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus, and dura of post cranial fossa

32
Q

What cranial nerves cover all of the sensory modalities?

A

IX

X

33
Q

Both CN IX and X have…at their base

A

ganglia

34
Q

Carotid sheath

A

Common fascial sheath around common carotid, jugular vein, and vagus nerve

35
Q

What nerve has bilateral symmetry and follows the carotid arteries?

A

Vagus

36
Q

Cardiac plexus

A

Branch of vagus nerve

Regulates conduction sys of heart so beats a little slower than if it were to be left alone (vagal tone)

37
Q

Vagus nerve runs to what part of the intestine?

A

Left colic flexure

38
Q

What cranial nerves have multiple functions?

A

V
VII
IX
X

39
Q 
CN XI
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A

Spinal Accessory nerve
Components: Somatic motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: spinal cord
Cranial Exit: jugular foramen
Actions: motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

40
Q 
CN XII
Components
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit
Actions
A 
Hypoglossal nerve
Components: somatic motor
Location of Nerve Cell Bodies: medulla
Cranial Exit: hypoglossal canal
Actions: motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tonge (except palatoglossus)
41
Q

What are the plexi of the vagus nerve?

A

Esophageal
Cardiac
Pulmonary

42
Q

What crainal nerves have nerve cell bodies in the midbrain?

A

CN III

CN IV

43
Q

CN III
Location of nerve cell bodies
Cranial Exit

A

Location of Nerve Cell Bodies

  • Midbrain (somatic motor)
  • Presynaptic: midbrain (visceral motor)
  • Postsynaptic: ciliary ganglion

Cranial Exit: Superior orbital fissure

Human Anatomy -- Head and Neck (4 decks)

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