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Clinical Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

0
Q

deep cervical fascia of neck

A

investing layer, pretracheal layer, prevertebral layer, carotid sheath, buccopharyngeal, retropharyngral space

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1
Q

Superficial fascia of neck

A

cervical subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

what is the purpose of fascia of neck?

A

contain infection, abscess , pathology

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3
Q

what does the cervical subcutaneous tissue contain?

A

platysma muscle

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4
Q

what does the investing layer contain?

A

SCM & trapezius muscles

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5
Q

what does the pretracheal layer contain?

A

muscle: infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles
visceral: larynx, trachea, pharynx

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6
Q

what does the prevertebral layer contain?

A

prevertebral muscles & scalenes

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7
Q

what does the carotid sheath contain?

A

common carotid a.
internal carotid a.
internal jugular v.
CN 10 vagus nerve

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8
Q

what is retropharyngeal space?

A

protective space essential for swallowing and potential space for swelling
area btwn prevertebral and pretracheal visceral fascia

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9
Q

what does buccopharyngeal fascia create?

A

retropharyngeal space

it is continuous with pretracheal fascia visceral portion

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10
Q

4 neck views radiologically

A

lateral
AP view
AP open mouth
R/L oblique

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11
Q

neural foramen is also called

A

intervetebral foramen

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12
Q

Describe the CN that supplies larynx

A

CN 10 vagus - 3 portions

  1. superior laryngeal nerve breaks into internal and external
  2. recurrent laryngeal nerve continues down and loops under (R subclavian artery) or (L aortic arch)
  3. inferior laryngeal nerve is a continuation of the recurrent loop and supplies all muscles of larynx except cricoid thyroid
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13
Q

describe top middle bottom of esophagus

A

top 1/3 striated voluntary muscle
middle mixed
bottom 1/3 smooth involuntary muscle

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14
Q

Most common CN injury during surgery

A

CN 11

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15
Q

Most common birth defect

A

tracheo-esophageal fistula with esophageal atresia (TEF)

bottom of esophagus ends in pouch and superior end ends in trachea

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16
Q

define dysphagia

A

problems swallowing

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17
Q

most common complaint of esophageal cancer

A

dysphagia

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18
Q

most common diagnostic tool (referring to esophageal issues)

A

esophagoscopy

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19
Q

Most common area of of neck for injury

A

zone II cricoid cartilage-mandible

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20
Q

CN 5 supplies

A

mylohyoid and digastric anterior

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21
Q

CN 7 supplies

A

platysma, stylohyoid, digastric posterior

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22
Q

CN 11 supplies

A

SCM, trapezius

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23
Q

Ansa cervicalis supplies

A

sternohyoid, sternothryoid, omohyoid

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24
Q

CN 12 supplies

A

thyrohyoid, geniohyoid

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25
Q

CN 10 supplies

A

larynx

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26
Q

structures of posterior neck

A

upper trap
sub occipital region
c7 spinous process

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27
Q

structures of lateral neck

A 
upper trap
scm (sternal/clavicular attachments)
external jugular vein
supraclavicular fossa
subclavian artery
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28
Q

structures of anterior neck

A 
scm
hyoid bone
laryngeal prominence
thyroid cartilage
thyroid notch
cricoid cartilage
thyroid gland (and isthmus)
jugular notch/suprasternal notch
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29
Q

keystone of the neck is called the

A

hyoid bone

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30
Q

cervical spine is evaluated as “__” exam vs “__” exam

A

upper back / neck

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31
Q

name and movement of C1

A

atlas- NODDING “YES”

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32
Q

Name and movement of C2

A

axis SHAKING head NO

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33
Q

landmarks of hyoid

A

greater horn/cornu
lesserhorn cornu
no articulation with other bones *

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34
Q

special landmark of c1 and c2

A

c1 has posterior arch

c2 has dens

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35
Q

landmarks of AP view radiograpy

A

spinous process

tracheal shadow

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36
Q

landmarks of lateral view radiography

A

c1-c7, posterior arch, c2-c7 spinous processes

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37
Q

landmarks of ap open mouth view radiography

A

dens

body of c2

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38
Q

landmark of oblique view radiography

A

neural foramen/intervertebral foramen

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39
Q

superficial muscles of neck

A

platysma, scm, upper trapezius

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40
Q

infrahyoid muscles of neck

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid (superior and inferior)

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41
Q

suprahyoid muscles of neck

A

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric (anterior and posterior)

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42
Q

prevertebral muscles of the neck

A

scalenes, splenius capitis, levator scapula, longus colli/capitis, rectus capitis anterior and lateralis

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43
Q

Platysma:
attachment
action
innervation

A

face muscle in cutaneous layer of skin
facial expressions
CN 7 facial nerve

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44
Q

SCM
attachment
action
innervation

A

mastoid process to clavicle and sternum
unilateral contraction and bilateral contraction (tilt and look up, chin into chest, Egyptian movement)
CN 11

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45
Q

Upper Trap
attachment
action
innervation

A

n/a
similar to SCM move shoulders up and down and around (tilt head, Egyptian)
CN 11

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46
Q

Sternohyoid
attachment
action
innervation

A

“strap muscles”-very flat
sternum to hyoid and is most superficial
depress hyoid
ansa cervicalis c1-c3 loop of nerve

47
Q

Sternothyroid
attachment
action
innervation

A

sternum to thyroid
depress hyoid
ansa cervicalis

48
Q

Thyrohyoid
attachment
action
innervation

A

thyroid cartilage to hyoid
depress hyoid
CN 12 c1 hypoglossal nerve

49
Q

Omohyoid
attachment
action
innervation

A

scapula to hyoid superior/inferior bellies
depress hyoid
ansa cervicalis

50
Q

Mylohyoid
attachment
action
innervation

A

mandible to hyoid (floor)
elevate hyoid
CN 5

51
Q

Geniohyoid
attachment
action
innervation

A

mandible to hyoid sits on myohyoid in 2 strips
elevates hyoid
CN 12

52
Q

Stylohyoid
attachment
action
innervation

A

styloid process to hyoid bone- splits over digastric
elevates hyoid
CN 7

53
Q

Digastric
attachment
action
innervation

A

mastoid process to hyoid (slings here) to mandible
elevates hyoid
anterior belly = CN 5 posterior belly = CN 7

54
Q 
attachment of scalenes:
anterior
middle
posterior
action of scalenes:
anterior
middle
posterior
A

1st rib
1st rib
2nd rib

flexes head
flexes head laterally
flexes head laterally

55
Q

describe Brachial plexus and Phrenic nerve

A

brachial plexus is a network of nerves comes thru anterior and middle scalenes
phrenic nerve supplies diaphragm comes thru anterior and middle scalenes

56
Q 
splenius capitis - ID
deferred until module 4
A

V in back of neck

57
Q 
levator scapula
deferred until module 4
A

floor of posterior triangle

58
Q

longus colli/capitis
attachment
action

A

vertebrae to vertebrae

deep neck flex

59
Q

rectus capitis ID

A

anterior and lateralis

60
Q

location and function of thyroid gland

A

deep to infrahyoid muscles - growth, metabolism and calcium homeostasis

61
Q

function and location of parathyroid gland

A

calcium/phosphate regulation

2 pairs = 4 on posterior thyroid lobes

62
Q

palatopharyngeal and constrictor pharyngeals - ID ?

A

ID?

63
Q

what are the endocrine viscera of neck?

A

thyroid and parathyroid

64
Q

what are the alimentary viscera of neck?

A

pharynx and esophagus

65
Q

what are the muscles of the pharynx

A

constrictor pharyngeal superior, middle, inferior

palatopharyngeal

66
Q

nasopharynx location

A

superior to soft palate

67
Q

oropharynx location

A

soft palate to epiglottis

68
Q

Laryngopharynx location

A

epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

69
Q

structures of pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngropharynx

esophagus, epiglottis, uvula, nasal septum

70
Q

structures of respiratory viscera

A

larynx

trachea

71
Q

structures of the larynx

A 
thyroid cartilage lamina
thyroid notch 
laryngeal prominence
cricoid cartilage
thyroid membrane
epiglottis
72
Q

Branches of aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid
left subclavian

73
Q

branches of common carotid artery

A

external common carotid

internal common carotid

74
Q

4 of 8 branches of the external common carotid artery

A

superior thyroid
facial artery
maxillary artery
superficial temporal

75
Q

3 of 4 branches of subclavian srtery

A

vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk

76
Q

structures involved in venous circulation of neck

A

internal jugular vein
external jugular vein
anterior jugular vein
subclavian vein

77
Q

lymph node pathway of head/neck

A

drain into junction IJV and brachiocephalic vein (R - right lymphatic duct) (L - thoracic duct)

78
Q

what are the 2 nerve plexuses of cervical region?

A 
cervical plexus (c1-c4) 
brachial plexus (c5-t1)
79
Q

3 subdivisions of the cervical plexus

A

cutaneous branches
phrenic nerve
ansa cervicalis

80
Q

4 cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
suprascapular

81
Q

2 motor branches of cervical plexus

A 
phrenic nerve (c3-c5)
ansa cervicalis
82
Q

ansa cervicalis supplies..
directly
indirectly

A

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

83
Q

which CN descend in the neck?

A

CN 10 vagus
CN 11 accessory
CN 12 hypoglossal

84
Q

Identify pathway to get to internal skull/CNS

A

internal carotid artery

85
Q

identify pathway to external skull

A

external carotid artery ->superficial temporal

86
Q

identify structures in carotid sheath

A

IJV ICA CCA vagus CN 10

87
Q

what are the branches of the aortic arch?

A

brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid A
L subclavian A

88
Q

we find _ and _ at the bifurcation of CCA into internal and external carotid arteries

A 
carotid sinus (baroreceptors) (IJV)
carotid body (chemoreceptors)
89
Q

describe vertebral artery

A

enters skull at foramen magnum where it loops and meets with ICA to form basal artery at the circle of willis (ICA supplies anterior and Vertebral A supplies posterior)

90
Q

branches of thyrocervical trunk

A

inferior thyroid
ascending cervical
transverse cervical
suprascapular

91
Q

branches of costocervical trunk

A

deep cervical artery

92
Q

what drains into brachiocephalic vein?

A

Lsubclavian and R IJV

93
Q

what drains into subclavian vein?

A

AJV and EJV

94
Q

what drains into IJV?

A

face and internal skull/cns veins

95
Q

what drains into AJV?

A

facial and neck veins

96
Q

what drains into EJV

A

facial and scalp veins

97
Q

what do the brachiocephalic trunks drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

98
Q

where do lymphnodes from head and neck drain into?

A

R- right lymphatic duct
L- thoracic duct
^ these drain into the junction of the IJV and brachiocephalic vein

99
Q

list the major lymph nodes of the neck

A 
occipital
post auricular
pre auricular /parotid
jugulodigastric
submandibular
submental
lateral superficial cervical
anterior superficial cervical
lateral deep cervical 
anterior deep cervical
supraclavicular/transverse cervical
100
Q

identify 2 nerve plexuses of neck

A 
cervical nerves (c1-4)
brachial plexus (c5-t1)
101
Q

where do we see the brachial plexus exit?

A

btwn anterior and middle scalenes

102
Q

brachial plexus supplies…

A

motor/sensory UE (idk what ue is)

103
Q

phrenic nerve exits

A

anterior to anterior scalenes

104
Q

phrenic nerve supplies

A

diaphragm

105
Q

phrenic nerve C#-c#

A

c3 c4 c5 to survive

106
Q

what are 3 divisions of the cervical plexus?

A

cutaneous, phrenic, ansa cervicalis

107
Q

what are 4 branches of cutaneous

A

lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
suprascapular

108
Q

what does the cutaneous branch of cervical plexus supply?

A

skin of neck/lower head

109
Q

identify two roots of ansa cervicalis

A

inferior and superior

110
Q

how many muscles does the ansa cervicalis supply - directly? indirectly? name them

A

direct: omohyoid (superior and inferior), sternohyoid, sternothyroid (3)
indirect: thyrohyoid

111
Q

ID cranial nerves in neck

A

vagus CN10
accessory CN11
hypoglossal CN12

112
Q

arterial circulation starting with aorta (after first branch just do R side)

A

aorta-brachiocephalic trunk R (or L CCA and L subclavian)-R subclavian and R CCA:
Subclavian-costocervical-deep cervical
Subclavian-thyrocervical-supra scapular cervical or transverse cervical or ascending cervical or inferior thyroid
subclavin-vertebral A

CCA- internal or external carotid artery
internal-goes to cns
ECA: superior thyroid
ECA:facial
ECA:maxillary
ECA:superficial temporal
113
Q

venous circulation of neck (R side until u get to last two branches)

A

face&scalp->EJV-
+–subclavin
face&neck->AJV-

                                      \+---> R brachiocephalic trunk + L b.trunk--> face&internalskull/cns->IJV

              -->superior vena cava!
114
Q

which vein is major drainage and where is it located?

A

under SCM is the IJV

Clinical Anatomy (7 decks)

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